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RUSSIA (EUROPE)

Languages of Russia (Europe)

The number of the languages that at the moment are spoken in Russia (Europe) is of 58:

ABAZA

34,800 in Russia (1989 census), about 95% speak it as mother tongue.

ADYGHE

125,000 in Russia (1993 UBS), 96% speak it as mother tongue.

AGHUL

19,000 in Russia, 98% speak it as mother tongue (1979 census). Population total both countries 19,000.

AKHVAKH

5.000 (Ruhlen 1975).

ANDI

10,000 (1993 UBS).

ARCHI

859 (1975 Ruhlen).

AVAR

556,000 in Russia (1989 census).

BAGVALAL

5,500 (1962 Maxwell).

BASHKIR

901,150 or 67% of the ethnic group in Russia (1993 Johnstone).

BEZHTA

3,000 (1993 UBS).

BOTLIKH

3,500 including Godoberi (1962 Maxwell).

CHAMALAL

5,500 (1962 Maxwell).

CHECHEN

944,600 speakers out of an ethnic population of 956,879 (1989 census). The population of Chechnya is 1,200,000 (1994).

CHUVASH

1,774,000 in Russia (1993 Johnstone).

DARGWA

365,000 in the former USSR (1993 UBS), 98% speak it as mother tongue.

DIDO

7,000 (1994 UBS).

DOMARI

ERZYA

440,000 in Russia.

FINNISH

31,570 speakers out of 77,000 in the ethnic group in Russia (1979 census). 41% speak it as mother tongue.

GHODOBERI

3,000 (1996).

HINUKH

200 (A.E. Kibrik 1991).

HUNZIB

2,000 (1995 H. Ven den Berg).

INGRIAN

302 speakers (1989 census) out of 10,000 to 15,000 in the ethnic group.

INGUSH

230,315 mother tongue speakers (97%) out of an ethnic population of 237,438 (1989 census). Population total both countries 230,315.

Judeo-tat

7,000 in Russia (1989 census).

KABARDIAN

443,000 including 46,000 Cherkes in Russia (1993 UBS), 97% speak it as mother tongue.

Kalmyk-oirat

174,000 Kalmyk in Russia (1993 UBS), 91% speak it as mother tongue.

Karachay-balkar

236,000 mother tongue speakers in Russia, 97% of the ethnic population, including 156,000 Karachay, 85,000 Balkar (1993 UBS).

KARATA

6,000 (1962 Maxwell).

KARELIAN

118,000 mother tongue speakers out of an ethnic population of 172,000 in Russia (1993 Johnstone). Population total both countries 128,000.

KHVARSHI

1,800 (Maxwell 1962).

Komi-permyak

116,000 mother tongue speakers (77%) out of an ethnic population of 151,000 (1979 census).

Komi-zyrian

262,200 mother tongue speakers (76%) out of an ethnic population of 345,000 (1993 UBS).

KUMYK

282,000 in Russia (1993 UBS).

LAK

112,100 mother tongue speakers (95%) out of an ethnic population of 118,000 in Russia.

LEZGI

257,000 in Russia (1996).

LIVVI

80,000 out of an ethnic population of 140,000 (1992). Population total both countries 80,000.

LUDIAN

MARI, HIGH

66,000 (1993 UBS).

MARI, LOW

525,480 mother tongue speakers (87%) out of an ethnic population of 604,000 (1993 UBS). Population total both countries 534,000.

MOKSHA

428,333 (1970).

NOGAI

67,500 mother tongue speakers (90%) out of an ethnic population of 75,000 (1993 UBS).

ROMANY, VLAX

10,000 Kalderash in Russia, Ukraine, and Moldova. Russian SFSR, Odessa, Transcarpathia. Dialects: CENTRAL VLAX ROMANI, KALDERASH. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax.

RUSSIAN

153,655,000 in the republics of the former USSR. Population total all countries 167,000,000 first language speakers (1999 WA); 277,000,000 including second language users (1999 WA).

RUTUL

20,000 in Russia (1993 UBS), 99% speak it as mother tongue. Population total both countries 20,000.

SAAMI, AKKALA

7 speakers out of 100 population (1995 M. Krauss). Nearly extinct.

SAAMI, KILDIN

650 speakers out of 1,000 population (1995 M. Krauss). 1,900 Saami in Russia (1995 M. Krauss).

SAAMI, SKOLT

20 to 30 speakers out of 400 population in Russia (1995 M. Krauss).

SAAMI, TER

6 speakers out of 400 population (1995 M. Krsuss). Alternate names: 'TER LAPPISH', 'LAPP', SAAM. Classification: Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mordvinic, Finno-Lappic, Lappic, Central. Nearly extinct.

SERBO-CROATIAN

5,000 in Russia (1959 census).

TABASSARAN

95,000 mother tongue speakers (97%) out of an ethnic population of 98,000 in Russia (1993 UBS).

TATAR

5,715,000 speakers (86%) out of an ethnic group of 6,645,588 in the former USSR (1989 census), including 6,017,000 ethnic Tatar, of whom 86% speak Tatar as mother tongue, and an additional 370,000 Bashkir speak it as mother tongue.

TINDI

5,000 (1962 Maxwell).

TSAKHUR

7,000 in Russia.

UDMURT

550,000 mother tongue speakers (77%) out of an ethnic population of 750,000 in the former USSR (1989 census). Population total both countries 566,000.

VEPS

2,320 speakers (1979 census) out of 13,500 in the ethnic group (1989 census). The remaining persons speak Russian as first language. Other reports indicate the number of speakers is higher. Among Russian speakers, on the boundary between St. Petersburg and Vologda oblasts and in Karelian Republic. Half reportedly went to Finland during World War II.

VOD

25 (1979 Valt). Nearly extinct.

- Linguistic information taken of"Ethnologue"

Situación social de los gitanos en Rusia

Es impresionante observar cómo se repiten los mismos estereotipos a través de todos los países del continente europeo. En Rusia, como en el resto de los países donde habitan romaníes, la población general asocia a los gitanos con la delincuencia, la brujería y la pobreza. Éstos también se encuentran marginados por las autoridades y las instituciones y, como no, por la sociedad en general. Se les toma por gente orgullosa que no quiere “integrarse” en la vida “normal”.

Sin embargo, al igual que en muchos países europeos, los gitanos han protagonizado un importante impacto cultural en lo que al mundo de la música se refiere: al igual que en la música instrumental de Hungría o en la forma de flamenco española, los romaníes han calado muy hondo (mucho más que en cualquier otro país) en la tradición musical nacional.
Romany associations

- Social information taken ofPatrin: "Articles Listed by Country [about Roma]"

ABAZA	34,800 in Russia (1989 census), about 95% speak it as mother tongue.
ADYGHE	125,000 in Russia (1993 UBS), 96% speak it as mother tongue.
AGHUL	19,000 in Russia, 98% speak it as mother tongue (1979 census). Population total both countries 19,000.
AKHVAKH	5.000 (Ruhlen 1975).
ANDI	10,000 (1993 UBS).
ARCHI	859 (1975 Ruhlen).
AVAR	556,000 in Russia (1989 census).
BAGVALAL	5,500 (1962 Maxwell).
BASHKIR	901,150 or 67% of the ethnic group in Russia (1993 Johnstone).
BEZHTA	3,000 (1993 UBS).
BOTLIKH	3,500 including Godoberi (1962 Maxwell).
CHAMALAL	5,500 (1962 Maxwell).
CHECHEN	944,600 speakers out of an ethnic population of 956,879 (1989 census). The population of Chechnya is 1,200,000 (1994).
CHUVASH	1,774,000 in Russia (1993 Johnstone).
DARGWA	365,000 in the former USSR (1993 UBS), 98% speak it as mother tongue.
DIDO	7,000 (1994 UBS).
DOMARI
ERZYA	440,000 in Russia.
FINNISH	31,570 speakers out of 77,000 in the ethnic group in Russia (1979 census). 41% speak it as mother tongue.
GHODOBERI	3,000 (1996).
HINUKH	200 (A.E. Kibrik 1991).
HUNZIB	2,000 (1995 H. Ven den Berg).
INGRIAN	302 speakers (1989 census) out of 10,000 to 15,000 in the ethnic group.
INGUSH	230,315 mother tongue speakers (97%) out of an ethnic population of 237,438 (1989 census). Population total both countries 230,315.
Judeo-tat	7,000 in Russia (1989 census).
KABARDIAN	443,000 including 46,000 Cherkes in Russia (1993 UBS), 97% speak it as mother tongue.
Kalmyk-oirat	174,000 Kalmyk in Russia (1993 UBS), 91% speak it as mother tongue.
Karachay-balkar	236,000 mother tongue speakers in Russia, 97% of the ethnic population, including 156,000 Karachay, 85,000 Balkar (1993 UBS).
KARATA	6,000 (1962 Maxwell).
KARELIAN	118,000 mother tongue speakers out of an ethnic population of 172,000 in Russia (1993 Johnstone). Population total both countries 128,000.
KHVARSHI	1,800 (Maxwell 1962).
Komi-permyak	116,000 mother tongue speakers (77%) out of an ethnic population of 151,000 (1979 census).
Komi-zyrian	262,200 mother tongue speakers (76%) out of an ethnic population of 345,000 (1993 UBS).
KUMYK	282,000 in Russia (1993 UBS).
LAK	112,100 mother tongue speakers (95%) out of an ethnic population of 118,000 in Russia.
LEZGI	257,000 in Russia (1996).
LIVVI	80,000 out of an ethnic population of 140,000 (1992). Population total both countries 80,000.
LUDIAN
MARI, HIGH	66,000 (1993 UBS).
MARI, LOW	525,480 mother tongue speakers (87%) out of an ethnic population of 604,000 (1993 UBS). Population total both countries 534,000.
MOKSHA	428,333 (1970).
NOGAI	67,500 mother tongue speakers (90%) out of an ethnic population of 75,000 (1993 UBS).
ROMANY, VLAX	10,000 Kalderash in Russia, Ukraine, and Moldova. Russian SFSR, Odessa, Transcarpathia. Dialects: CENTRAL VLAX ROMANI, KALDERASH. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax.
RUSSIAN	153,655,000 in the republics of the former USSR. Population total all countries 167,000,000 first language speakers (1999 WA); 277,000,000 including second language users (1999 WA).
RUTUL	20,000 in Russia (1993 UBS), 99% speak it as mother tongue. Population total both countries 20,000.
SAAMI, AKKALA	7 speakers out of 100 population (1995 M. Krauss). Nearly extinct.
SAAMI, KILDIN	650 speakers out of 1,000 population (1995 M. Krauss). 1,900 Saami in Russia (1995 M. Krauss).
SAAMI, SKOLT	20 to 30 speakers out of 400 population in Russia (1995 M. Krauss).
SAAMI, TER	6 speakers out of 400 population (1995 M. Krsuss). Alternate names: 'TER LAPPISH', 'LAPP', SAAM. Classification: Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mordvinic, Finno-Lappic, Lappic, Central. Nearly extinct.
SERBO-CROATIAN	5,000 in Russia (1959 census).
TABASSARAN	95,000 mother tongue speakers (97%) out of an ethnic population of 98,000 in Russia (1993 UBS).
TATAR	5,715,000 speakers (86%) out of an ethnic group of 6,645,588 in the former USSR (1989 census), including 6,017,000 ethnic Tatar, of whom 86% speak Tatar as mother tongue, and an additional 370,000 Bashkir speak it as mother tongue.
TINDI	5,000 (1962 Maxwell).
TSAKHUR	7,000 in Russia.
UDMURT	550,000 mother tongue speakers (77%) out of an ethnic population of 750,000 in the former USSR (1989 census). Population total both countries 566,000.
VEPS	2,320 speakers (1979 census) out of 13,500 in the ethnic group (1989 census). The remaining persons speak Russian as first language. Other reports indicate the number of speakers is higher. Among Russian speakers, on the boundary between St. Petersburg and Vologda oblasts and in Karelian Republic. Half reportedly went to Finland during World War II.
VOD	25 (1979 Valt). Nearly extinct.