1800
German scientist Karl Friedrich Burdach introduces the word 'biology' for the study of the morphology, physiology, and psychology of humans. In 1882 a broader definition is proposed by Gottfried Treviranus and Jean-Baptistes de Lamarck to include the study of life in general.
German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter invents electroplating when he passes a current through a copper sulphate solution. He also discovers that water consists of two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen.
British chemist Humphry Davy discovers laughing gas (nitrous oxide). It will become the first chemical anesthetic.
French and English chemists learn to purify water by chlorination.
Studying the spectrum of sunlight, William Herschel discovers infrared radiation, the first known form of radiation other than visible light.
Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the voltaic cell, or electric battery, consisting of alternating disks of copper and zinc and of cardboard soaked in a salt solution.
1801
1802
1803
1848
1849
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