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香港中文大学研究院人类学专业哲学硕士学位论文

《语言、宗教与文化认同：中国凉山两个彝族村子的个案研究》

作者：巫达

完成时间：2000年7月全文：190页文字：繁体中文字号：12号字

格式：双行（论文标准）收藏：香港中文大学图书馆版权：香港中文大学

内容提要

语言和宗教是文化认同的两个重要因素，而且它们可以受文化变迁的影响，特别是来自大族群的文化影响。传统上，彝族使用彝语并信仰毕摩教。但是，目前也有彝族之间使用汉语的情况，并有许多人不再信仰传统宗教。这些人仍然是彝族，只是他们的文化表述不同于汉化较浅的彝族而已。本文以中国凉山彝族两个村子的田野调查为基础，研究一个汉化程度较浅的和一个汉化程度较深的村子的彝族文化认同情况。在乃伍村，人们使用彝语而且许多人信仰传统宗教。另一个村波波坤村，距离汉族村子很近，很多人会说汉语而且许多人已经不再信仰传统宗教。无论如何，两个村的村民都认同为彝族。换一句话说，人们认同该族群，但有不同的文化表述。使用彝语和信仰彝族传统宗教很清楚地表达出对彝族的认同，但是，没有这方面强烈的文化表述，并不意味着彝族的族群认同的消失，只是文化的表述和对彝族认同的感知有所变迁而已。

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillmentof the Requirements for

the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Anthropology

Language, Religion and Culture Identity

A Case Study of two Yi Villages in Liangshan, Sichuan

by WU Da

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Language and religion are two important aspects of cultural identity. However these may be influenced by cultural changes, especially cultural influences from a dominant ethnic group. Thus traditionally Yi speak Yi dialects and practise Yi shamanism. However, nowadays there are Yi who speak Chinese regularly among themselves and many do not observe the traditional religion. They remain ethnically Yi, but their cultural expressions are different from the less Han acculturated Yi. Based on my fieldwork in two Yi villages in Liangshan in Sichuan, this study describes the cultural identities of a less Han influenced Yi village and that of a more Han-influenced village. In Naiwu Village, the people speak Yi and many still observe the traditional religion. In Bobokun Village, which is located close to Han settlements, Many villagers speak Chinese regularly and many do not practise the traditional religion. Nevertheless the people of both villages identify themselves as Yi. In other words, people can remain ethnically the same but have different cultural expressions. Speaking Yi and observing Yi religion are clear expression of Yi identity, but not observing these strongly only changes the cultural expressions and perception of Yi identity, and it does not necessarily mean losing Yi ethnic identification.

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