LOCATIVES

caution: page under heavy construction !

To express location, direction or motion, draqa uses bound particles known as locatives:

They are used like this:

Note: This is one of the instances where 'wiax' and 'xan' are NOT interchangeable. 'xan' can never stand alone (it appears only in bound form), and is usually never directly prefixed by a locative (iehwiax, etc.) There is ONE exception to the latter rule.

As you can see, there is much expressive power in the use of these locative forms. This power is exploited in the metaphorical formulas that provide the basis for another crucial draqa construction:

Note: 'saga-' does not imply on whose part (if anybody's) the effort was made; it merely emphasizes the unsuccessfulness of the effort. 'i mehi sagafwaxan' is an example of how a good English translation can be impossible.

The other prominent construction that draqa uses its locatives for are to describe parts of a whole:

* In rapid speech, 'hr' often sounds like 'or'. This is especially the case with this construction.

Note: Another example of the difference between 'xan' and 'wiax'. 'xan' is generally preferred (but not mandatory) in these constructions and even appear with locative prefixes: iehxan-hrta 'successfully to my eyes, i.e. I see it'.

Another kind of locative is also found in draqa. This is a 3-part construction as shown in the chart below:



ehyeh Inside of neh Structure
wehi Just outside/ inside of mor Boundary
waseh Outside of loi (Immersive) substance
fwea Above (')a Touching, Attached
juka Below soi Not touching, Not attached
dio Level with da General direction
kawa Behind (')a Touching, Attached
kubo In front of soi Not touching, Not attached
daya Beside, Next to da General direction

These are constructed in the form: I + II + Root:



These locatives can also be combined with those described above:

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Last Updated: February 28, 2000