Joseph L.Genebo All propaganda
must be so popular and on such an intellectual level, that even the most stupid
of those towards whom it is directed will understand it. Therefore, the
intellectual level of the propaganda must be lower the larger the number of
people who are to be influenced by it. Most of us like to think that
our own minds and thought processes are impenetrable. We like to think that
other people can be manipulated, but not us. We believe that our opinions,
values, ideas and beliefs are totally autonomous. Of course, we might be
persuaded by the odd advertisement, but it’s others that are weak minded and
easily swayed. Many authors have explored the techniques of mass mind
manipulation. Vance Packard's 1957 book, The Hidden Persuaders, studied the
psychological tactics used by the American advertising industry in its drive to
advance consumerism. Almost half a century on from Packard, this article
examines how techniques of mass mind manipulation have evolved and investigates
some of the hidden persuaders of the new millennium. At the dawn of the
21st century, our emotional and mental integrity are continually challenged and
manipulated by governments and corporations. The physical body
is enshrined and protected by lawmakers, but there are few safeguards against
mind pollution. Mind manipulation is used for a variety of purposes from
inducing us to purchase consumer products to swaying our political opinions. The
manipulation is subtle, covert and insidious. The tactics used often appeal to
basic human instincts - hunger, thirst and sex; they are based upon the premise
that material presented will not be rationally examined or subjected to logical
analysis. Propaganda, images, cliches, and jingles just wash over us, engulfing
our mind, body and spirit, expressing powerful meanings indirectly and simply.
TV BRAIN DRAIN One of the principal tools in the
mind manipulation arsenal is television, the cultural arm of the established
industrial order. Television, the drug of the nation, maintains, stabilises and
reinforces ideas, attitudes and behaviours through its programming and
advertising. When we watch TV, the brain's left hemisphere, which processes
information logically and analytically, tunes out. This allows the right
hemisphere of the brain, which processes information emotionally and non
critically, to function unimpeded. While the negative impacts of particular
television progrrns and advertisements are well known, the overall long term
effects of watching television are equally as dangerous.
Television
programming influences viewers' ideas of what the everyday world is really like.
Research conducted in the 1960's by Professor George Gerbner, dean of the
Annenberg Schcol of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, showed
that television has protracted effects which are gradual and indirect, but
cumulative and significant. Gerbner (2) found that heavy watching of
television cultivated attitudes that were more consistent with the world of
television programmes than with the everyday world. For example, television
watchers had general mindsets about violence, resulting from an
overrepresentation of violence on television. Heavy television viewers tended to
develop a “mean world syndrome”, believing that the world was a nastier place
than light television viewers. Gerbaer also discovered that television watching
cultivated a symbolic message about law and order, (3) with the action-adventure
genre reinforcing a faith in law and order, the status quo and social justice
(the baddies always get their just desserts).
Before
the television, there was conversation around the dinner table or the fireplace.
Today this has been replaced with microwaved meals (in)digested in front of the
box or the flat screen. Alone or in company, conversation and communication has
been reduced to stultifying ‘grabs’ during ad breaks. Technology now stands
between us and each other, between people and the natural world. We know our
virtual “Neighbours” on television better than our real neighbours next door. As
communities and extended family structures decay, the isolated individual
becomes easy prey for the mind manipulators. As cathode ray reality becomes
genuine reality, public opinion becomes homogenised and mainstreamed, widespread
apathy and indifference prevail.
This mainstreaming of opinion is
evident in nightly news bulletins, which have become a source of entertainment
first and information second. Local television stations all report the same news
simultaneously, even using the same footage. Despite the similarities, each
claims to be ‘the best’, ‘the latest’ or ‘the most up to date’. In reality, they
are hardly different and it is difficult for the public to distinguish one from
the other. Commenting on this subtle mind manipulation phenomena, former CIA
agent Philip Agee, in his book On the Run, observes: “Television news is show
business, designed to entertain and intentionally or not, programmed to keep
people ignorant.”
With the advent of ‘reality’ television, the
boundaries between the real world and the virtual world have been inextricably
blurred by the mind manipulators. The most obvious and obnoxious example of this
is the ‘Big Brother’ television show, which draws its title directly from George
Orwell's classic novel 1984. Big Brother viewers tune in to see the participants
manipulate their housemates, or to find out if any are having sex and with whom.
Interest in such prurient details is fuelled by newspapers and radio stations,
which devote lengthy discussions to the highlights of each show and run
campaigns to ditch certain individuals.
Quite apart from
the crass marketing opportunities presented by Big Brother, the program has had
another more subtle and nauseating effect: the manipulation of language. In the
wake of the programme, searching the Internet for "Big Brother" will turn up
thousands of links to the “Big Brother” TV show. Anyone looking for references
to surveillance or the totalitarian state will immediately be confronted with
the ‘reality’ television phenomenon. The television show has changed the meaning
of Big Brother for an entire generation. Big Brother has become an entertaining
spectacle, no longer an abhorrent icon of the totalitarian state. Surveillance
cameras and microphones have become ‘cool’ tools and Big Brother’s ‘victims’
have become celebrities and prizewinners. The implication is that we should be
willing to give up privacy for any amount of fame and fortune.
THE VIRTUAL
POLITICIAN As real-life experiences are replaced by the mediated
experiences of reality and fantasy, gained via television viewing, it becomes
easy for politicians and market researchers to rely on a base of predetermined
mass experience that can be evoked by appropriate triggers. As the mass mind
takes shape, its participants act according to media-derived impulses, believing
them to be their own personal choices arising out of their own desires and
needs. The passing spectacle of politics, for example, becomes a stage-managed
event, the domain of polished performers and public relations (propaganda) gurus
-- the era of the virtual politician. > Televised parliamentary debates
and door stop interviews have turned political representatives into colour
coordinated fashion statements, more concerned with image than intellect and
substantial debates. When they're not providing glib, pre-scripted comments via
door stop interviews, national leaders languish in front of the teleprompter, a
device that gives any politician, regardless of talent, the gift of the gab. The
use of teleprompters must surely constitute a fraudulent manipulation of public
opinion. Mounted beside the lens of a TV camera or in front of a podium, the
teleprompter allows the politician to read speeches prepared by staff writers
and PR experts, while appearing to speak ~ The teleprompter has enabled every
word, every dramatic pause and even facial expressions, to be crafted for
maximum effectiveness. Politicians can appear to speak knowledgeably in public,
when in reality they may be ill informed and hopeless at putting across a
particular point of view.
Teleprompters are only part of managing the
modem political image. Politicians regularly attend media ‘school’, coaching
seminars, and training, where they learn how to defray journalists questions –
“well, that's not the point”; how to ‘talk’ to the cameras and how to project
their voice. There are even sessions on power dressing. Others have their
‘colours’ done to ensure that their designer wardrobes match their hair and skin
colour. And in a world where appearance can mean the difference between winning
and losing a marginal seat, or even leading the country, politicians of both
sexes undergo cosmetic surgery in a futile attempt to meet the glamorous
Hollywood standards that ‘society’ demands.
CREATING
INSECURITIES The underlying assumption about human psychology is
that the public must be manipulated for its own good. Many advertising
strategies involve covert methods to trick the consumer into believing their
lives are incomplete and deficient without the promoted product; only through
purchasing the commodity will the consumer's life be 'whole' or 'better' again.
Mind manipulation feeds upon itself Advertising agencies know that unhappy and
worried people are likely to buy more consumer goods in order to feel better, to
fill the void created by their dull, robotic lives. This phenomena is known as
‘retail therapy’, and is epitomised by the popular maximum 'when the
going gets tough, the tough go shopping'.
Many advertisements send the
message 'you're not good enough' unless you drink the right soft drink, buy a
new car, use the perfect shampoo or stock up on scented toilet paper. Other
messages subconsciously prey upon guilt, anxieties or hostilities. Many people,
hundreds of times a day, are hearing or reading subliminally that they're not
good enough. This continual suggestion is a major cause of stress, and certainly
the cause of much dissatisfaction, anxiety and even illness.
Suggestibility exists constantly within our psyches, determining our
state of being, our consciousness and our relationship to ourselves and the
world around us. While the power of suggestion is generally exercised
unconsciously in our day to day existence, it is exploited deliberately and
ruthlessly in the world of advertising. The medical industry, for example, does
not want people who would buy and consume according to their own requirements.
Rather, they want sheep to buy on suggestion. Many advertisements offer cures
for a debilitating array of ills from headaches and backache to constipation,
prostate problems and premenstrual tension. The sheer ubiquity of such promised
cures convinces us, if only by suggestion, that we must need them, and that we
must or should be suffering from the afflictions that they claim to alleviate.
MANUFACTURING THE
EXPERTS Advertisers frequently make banal appeals based upon the
stratification of society, invoking authority, intellect or prestige to sell
products. Television and print media advertisements for pain relievers,
toothpaste, washing powder and even pet food feature (usually men) in white
coats discussing products which have been scientifically formulated, university
or laboratory tested and clinically proven. The psychology behind these claims
works not only to reassure the consumer that the product will do the job, but
also to imply that the product is in some way supenor to its competitors -
because science has deemed it so.
The reality is that these third
parties are usually anything but unbiased and impartial. They have been
handpicked, cultivated, and meticulously packaged to make consumers believe what
they have to say. In some cases, they have been paid handsomely for their
esteemed “opinions.”
When the US Justice Department launched its
antitrust investigations into the Microsoft Corporation in 1998, Microsoft's
public relations firm countered with a plan to plant pro-Microsoft articles,
letters to the editor, and opinion pieces all across America, crafted by
professional media handlers but meant to be perceived as off-the cuff, heartfelt
testimonials by ‘people out there.’ In another example, a tobacco company
secretly paid thirteen scientists a total of US$156,000 to write a few letters
to influential medical journals during the 1990's. One biostatistician received
$10,000 for writing a single, eight-paragraph letter that was published in the
Journal of the American Medical Association. A cancer researcher received
US$20,137 for writing four letters and an opinion piece to the Lancet, the
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, and the Wall Street Journal. The
scientists didn't even have to write the letters themselves. Two tobacco
industry law firms were available to do the actual drafting and editing.
Institutional endorsement is another mind manipulation tactic used by the
advertising fraternity. An example cited by Baigent and Leigh(6) is the company
that deluged American hospitals with supplies of its painkiller at dramatically
reduced price - so reduced that the product was virtually given away. Not
surprisingly, hospitals began to, use it more frequently than other brands. This
enabled the company to advertise its painkiller as the one preferred by
hospitals, implying that it was more effective.
POLITICAL
PERSUASION Subliminal advertising was exposed in the 1950s when
some TV commercials were discovered to be transmitting split-second images that
were designed to stimulate a viewer's desire for a certain product. For example,
during a soft drink commercial, an advertiser might have flashed the message
-I'm thirsty' without the viewer realisingg it.
Quite apart from selling
products, subliminal advertisements can also sell politicians. During the recent
US Presidential elections, the Republican campaign ran a television
advertisement which showed, when the ad was slowed down, the word “RATS”
appearing briefly while a voiceover criticised Vice President Al Gore's
prescription drug plan as one in which “bureacrats decide” Republican
presidential nominee, and now US President, George W. Bush, told reporters that
he believed the appearance of “RATS” in the advertisement was accidental.
Mispronouncing the word “subliminal” as “subliminable” several times' Bush said
that he was “convinced” the advertisement was not meant to send a subliminal
message. The so-called “RATS” ad, costing US$25 million, ran over 4,000 times in
33 markets nationally for about two weeks, before it was pulled from the
airwaves.
THE PROFILERS Modern
computing power and data mining capabilities are providing the mind manipulators
with new tools to delve into our psyche. A growing Internet phenomena is online
profiling. This new type of subliminal ad strategy is based upon a profile of
the individual that is built up over time. Information about browsing habits is
culled from various web sites, then every time the person logs on to the Net,
they are immediately inundated with banners based on their profile. Web Site
banners suddenly offer products and services that the person is interested in,
based upon their profile. Similar subliminal sales tactics will be used as
Web-TV becomes widespread.
FRIENDLY FASCISM In many respects, the modern
person is increasingly confronted with the face of friendly fascism. Not the
jackboots and mass rallies that comprise the popular stereotype of fascism, but
rather an insidious, public relations savvy manipulation of power for profit.
Try it yourself
The manufacture of consent. The creation of necessary illusions. Various
ways of either marginalising the general public or reducing them to apathy in
some fashion. This type of indoctrination and entrapment is innocuous and
painless, it takes over not by force but by running everyone ragged trying to
survive, to keep up with the 'Jones's'. Waking sleep becomes the distraction of
choice: the half awake sleep of mindlessly gazing at the TV screen, the
mechanical repetition associated with most jobs, the hypnotic trance of being
self-absorbed, and the isolated anonymity of being alone, together. The mind is
suffocated and the spirit is stifled by corporate imagination killers who offer
us everything from anti-aging creams to dog foods which 'produce' less sloppy
stools.
In this trance like state, citizens become the easy prey of
governments, who rely on the mainstreaming of opinion to propagate apathetic and
listless indifference.
The complete mind manipulation of the citizen by
corporations and government is thus perfected. Sample issue $12.50. Send cheque
or money order payable to J. Genebo Email: mailto:yaunggod@yahool.com.
Last updated 04/29/2005
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