Beheading

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Still a common form of execution throughout the middle East, as the ITV documentary Death of a Princess (which documented the beheading of a young Saudi princess for adultery) shows.  It was common in Europe up until the latter half of this century. Beheading by axe or sword was abandoned before WW2 but guillotining stayed until the 1970's.
 

Mary Queen of Scots	Beheaded 1598 (England)
Ann Boleyn	Beheaded before selected audience (England)
Marie Antoinette & Friends	Guillotined 1793, (France)
Sophie Scholl	Guillotined 1943 (Germany)
Angeliqe Tiquet	Beheaded 1699 (France)
Charlotte Corday	Guillotined 1793 (France)
French Revolution	(In general)
Jeanne Roland	Guillotined 1791 (France)
Beheading	Overview
Guillotine	Overview
Various other cases
Sulikah Kafiran	Beheaded  in S. Arabia (1997)
Grete Beier	Guillotined 1908 (Germany)
Mildred Harnack	Germany WWII
Lady Jane Grey	Beheaded, UK, aged 17