Modem
-
(hardware
known as a periphery)
Phoneline
-
(with
high usage a seperate line is suggested)
Internet
browser - (software)
File
Transfer Protocol (FTP)
This giant network of networks brings to your desktop so many
possibilities it's staggering. It turns your computer into a super
repository of knowledge. It transforms entertainment from the passive
medium we've grown up with into an interactive medium of spiralling
potential. It annihilates distance. It confounds traditional notions of
human relationships. In short, it's a blast.
It's hard to know where to start -- so much is on offer. Maybe you
need to settle an argument over whether Kenneth Slessor's middle
name was Adolf or Albrecht. The answer's online. How did that blind
fellow (what's his name?) manage to climb the sheer face of El Captain
in Yosemite National Park? And while speaking of Yosemite, how can
you order a copy of Ansel Adam's 'Moon Over Half Dome' to grace
your walls?
Who was it who wrote "There's some corner of a foreign field that is
forever England", and how does the poem finish? (BACK)
Perhaps you're after more practical help,
Perhaps you're after more practical help, such as how to get the
candle wax out of your new carpet? Or what's the latest flight you can
get from Perth to Adelaide on Friday? Or how many kilojoules in a
calorie?
It's all there. Entertainment, news, information, trivia, home shopping,
freebies, people doing all kinds of things. And you can either enter the
Net on a search-and-retrieve mission or float about being tossed
aimlessly by the digital currents. (BACK)
A (brief) History of the Internet
The evolution of the Internet is a delicious irony.
Cast your mind back to the days when the city of Berlin was divided
by a wall, the days when MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction -- talk
about ironies!) was in vogue. The days of the Cold War.
In those chilly days, a bunch of think tankers pondered the problem of
how the US could maintain a communications network during and
after a nuclear war. Obviously, such a network would have portions
completely obliterated by atomic blasts, and it could not be dependent
on a central authority, as such an authority would be a prime target in
an attack.
Such a rugged, post-cataclysmic network needed to be designed on
two fundamental principals: complete absence of central control, and
the ability to continue to operate even when much of it was destroyed.
(BACK)
The first network
The first network based on these principals was set up in Great Britain
in the 1960s. But it was the much bigger project funded by the US
Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency --
Arpanet -- that became the kernel of the Internet.
Originally, Arpanet allowed members of the research community to
share computing resources over long distance. However, researchers
quickly subverted Arpanet into something much more useful: a place to
share information, collaborate on projects and gossip. News and
e-mail became the main network traffic.
As the '70s progressed, other computer networks linked up with
Arpanet. All that was required to connect networks of diverse
computers was an adherence to the lingua franca of the Internet,
TCP/IP -- this impressive acronym stands for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol, which is the protocol, or language, that
allows all computers, whether PCs, Macs, Unix machines or
whatever, to talk to each other over the Net. (BACK)
By the '80s
By the '80s, the Internet had broadened far beyond its government
and military origins, with educational organisations, community
organisations and finally commercial organisations all latching
themselves onto this ramshackle but robust network of networks.
Growth was rapid, but not astounding. It was not until the emergence
of the World Wide Web -- the friendly face of the Net -- that growth
became so rapid that the Internet forced itself into the consciousness
of the general public.
It's interesting watching governments now trying to turn around and
control the Internet: censor it, restrict activities on it, stop its alternative
technologies disrupting existing structures such as the major phone
companies. Apart from the fact that the Net was designed to work
without control and suited to anarchy and chaos, the explosive growth
of the Internet over the last few years has made technological change
on the Net almost impossible for anyone -- including would-be
regulators -- to keep up with. (BACK)
Internet networks and tools
The Internet is a worldwide network of networks, rather than a single
network, with a vast array of tools to help you use these networks.
Here are the most important of these tools and networks:
The World Wide Web. You've probably heard of the Web, as this
worldwide network is known as. It's not the Internet, although you
could be forgiven for confusing the two. It's just one part of the
Internet. The Web is the part of the Net that gives us light and colour
and movement: it's a 'publishing house' for multimedia creations as well
as general information.
What has made the Web so popular is its use of graphics and easy
menu-driven 'browser' software (for 'browsing the Web'), and the way
it makes it oh-so-simple to wander around the global network of
computers. With the Web, all you do is click a highlighted or
underlined link in the text (or a graphical link) and you're whisked to
the page, topic or site that link points to. (BACK)
Understanding links
Web pages are based on the concept of `hypertext', a way of linking
related items of information without regard to their physical location.
Once you understand this concept, you'll basically understand how to
use the World Wide Web.
If you've ever used a Windows Help file you've used hypertext --
those underlined words which take you from one help screen to the
next. Hypertext is also used in reference CD-ROM titles such as
Encarta to create hotlinks which jump from one topic to another. To
give you an idea click here to go to
index, then click `Understanding Links'
Now imagine hypertext on a global scale, forging connections between
information anywhere on the Internet -- allowing you to jump to
another spot in the same page, to another file on the same computer,
or to a file on a computer on the other side of the world!
But that's not all! Web pages allow links from graphics as well as
words -- and link to more than ordinary documents -- they can show
glorious colourful pictures, play sound and video clips, even transfer
software onto your PC.
All of these links create a web which spans the globe: hence, the
World Wide Web. (BACK)
Information on the Web is presented in the form of pages viewed on
your PC screen with a piece of specialised software called a Web
browser.
Collections of pages make up a Web site and are stored on a
computer, known as a Web server, connected to the Net. Each site
has it own address in a standard Internet form such as
www.flindersclubs.asn.net.au (Flinders Clubs and Socs) You
connect to an individual Web site by entering this address.
The main page on each Web site acts as a front door or index and is
often called the homepage.
Web pages can be as stark or stunning in their look, and contain as
little or as much content, as their author desires. This is why it's
important to choose your Web browser -- not all browsers allow you
to make the most of these more sophisticated pages. See Choosing
your Web browser. (BACK)
Using your
Web browser - a crash course
While Web browsers can vary significantly in the features they offer,
most share a basic set of features designed to help you surf in comfort:
The Address, Netsite or Location line: Underneath the menu and
iconbar at the top of the screen is the Address line -- well, it's called
different things in different browsers but it always does the same thing:
just type the Internet address in here, hit Enter and you'll be taken to
the site.
Forward and Back buttons: When you view each page it is stored in
a special `cache' directory on your PC's hard disk (the name and
location of the cache depends on the browser you use). This means
you can retrieve these pages without having to actually re-visit the site
by using the browser's Forward and Back buttons. Your browser will
also probably have a Go To option in the menu, which will take you to
most recently cached pages. The Home button will take you to your
browser's specified home page.
Bookmarks or Favourite Places. As you explore the Web you'll
discover some fantastic sites, to which you will want to return to time
and time again. Web browsers let you save the address of these sites
under a Bookmark or Favourite Places menu so you can visit them
with the click of a button.
Print or Save. From the File menu, you can print a Web page or save
it as an HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) file for later
reference.
The Stop button. Sometimes -- if a Web page has a lot of graphics,
or if the computer holding it or a link between you and that computer
is overloaded -- a Web page is taking just too long to load. Just hit the
stop button -- you can always come back to it another time.
Links. If you see a word or phrase underlined in a different colour
(such as Understanding Links, below), or if the mouse cursor changes
as it passes over a graphic (such as the File menu pic, above) just click
on the word or graphic. This will take you to another page on that
same site -- or on our PC User Offline CD -- or a totally different
Web site on the other side of the planet! Or they might `download' a
file onto your computer's hard disk, play a video or sound clip, and
more! See Understanding Links. (BACK)
On the Web you'll find sites on any topic you can think of -- and many
more besides. There's just one problem -- this wealth of information is
untamed. The Web can be likened to a huge library in which all the
books have been thrown on the floor: somewhere is the knowledge
you need, but how to find it?
`Search engines' are Web sites which do the legwork for you: clever
librarians who have not only read every book (or indexed every Web
page) but remember what they read and where they read it. As soon
as you venture onto the Internet you should get to know a few good
search engines. See using Search
Engines to learn more.(BACK)
.
For all the latest on Australian
ISP's look at list.
A modem transforms digital information from a computer into an analog signal that can be read by the phone line (modulate) and transforms the analog phone signal into digital information (demodulate).
Once again I suggest that you buy the fastest modem you can afford but at any moment there is an optimum speed at which the Internet will work, it is as fast as the weakest link. You can get internal modems, a card that easy slides into your computer and with a voice facility. It is recommended that you obtain an external version, its easier to install and monitor.
It is illegal to use a modem if it does not have an Austel permit number
on it, so beware if you are buying overseas. (BACK)
Once you feel comfortable, try something a little more advanced.
It is just like a walkie-talkie or radio transmitter/receivers, you can tune into certain channels and talk to someone, but your voice can be heard by anyone tuning into the same channel. However, once you have connected to a busy channel in IRC, it can be just like entering a big party, with many people talking, smiling, laughing all at once but in words. There are several options with free programmes availalable to download on like eg, Yahoo Chat Paltalk and ICQ.
If your search leads you to information stored on another computer,
the software just hands you across to the new computer and you continue
to search there. Here, you jump from a gopher server to another . You are
actually in space that's full of gopher servers connected together.
People call this space 'Gopherspace' which describes the whole world of
Gopher servers that are interconnected. (BACK)
FTP is a bit like the DOS operating systems that were common on PCs before graphical user interfaces came along. It will not run programmes on other computers but allows you to show the files in a particular area, or directory, of that computer, move from one area to another and copy the files over the Internet to your computer.
Mostly you will be using what is called anonymous FTP. This means the other computer doesn't know who you are and will simply show you the files that are publicly available.
The great thing about FTP is that it is simple to drive. As long as
you know the name of a computer which has publicly available files you
can FTP to it and start downloading.
(BACK)
There are a number of (ISP's)
Internet Service Providers around the world who offer free hard drive space
where you can store your homepage, it needs to sit somewhere that it is
accessible to other Internet users. Your own (ISP) usually provides some
space also. However using Servers such as 'www.oocities.org' or 'www.FortuneCity.com'
(you can find other free space using a search engine) will allow you to
set up your own home page very quickly and simply by following the bouncing
ball (by numbers) You need very little experience to do this. Whats more
they give you bulk space to allow for expansion and development of your
pages. Sound, video and picture files can take up a lot of space. However
these free sites are only available to non-commercial users, if you are
a business, there is a charge.(BACK)
A Little Harder
Another way is to use a 'Wizard' which is a software programme within a programme, that will help you set up a home page relatively simply. For example you could try 'MS Publisher' or 'MS Word', they both have this facility.
Yet another simple way to set
up your own homepage is to find a homepage on the Internet that you like
and then save it to your hard drive, this is fairly easy to do. This then
allows you to access this page off line and change it to suit your own
purposes, using a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor (search
for HTML editors) eg 'Netscape Communicator' or 'Claris' or 'Hotdog'. But
be sure not to use anything such as text, pictures and icons that may be
copyright or intellectual property. However this gives you plenty of options
as there is lots of material that is known as public domain and freely
available. Free material can be found on the Internet and is often supplied
free on CD ROM with magazines or can be purchased inexpensively.(BACK)
For design tips go to netools