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Tolkien only provides us with a single word in the speech of the Dunlendings, ‘Forgoil’, which translates as ‘Strawheads’. This, along with other uncomplimentary terms such as ‘Robbers of the North’, was one of the Dunlending names for the Rohirrim.
In the absence of any other information about the Dunlending language, I decided to base it on Cymraic (Welsh), and hence have used the term ‘Dunraic’. This choice is not completely unsupported – in Appendix F of ‘Lord of the Rings’ Tolkien tells us that many Hobbit names in Buckland were based on the former language of the southern Stoors, which was related to the Dunlending tongue, and at least one such name (Meriadoc) is actually Breton in origin. In fact, Tolkien said that these names "had a style that we should perhaps feel vaguely to be ‘Celtic’". Anyway, a glossary of some Dunraic words is given below.
Place-names |
Afon Cyffin | Border River (Sindarin ‘Glanduin’) |
Ban Diwethaf | the Last Peak (Sindarin ‘Methedras’) |
Brastir | fertile land, lit. ‘Fat Land’ |
Caer Goruchel | High Fortress |
Cantynn | Pale Hollow (corrupted) |
Coed-y-Ffawydd | Wood of the Beeches |
Cwm Hirion | Long mountain valley |
Dinas Tyr | City of the Tower, the Dunraic name for Minas Tirith |
Dyffryn | Wide river valley (perhaps not wholly appropriate as I’ve used it) |
Glyn Arth | Glen of the Bear |
Glyn Dewin | the Wizard’s Vale (Sindarin ‘Nan Cúrunir’) |
Glyn Eryr | Glen of the Eagle |
Glyn Llydan | Wide Glen |
Morfeth | (from ‘moors’; corrupted) |
Trefgwehyddion | Weavers’ town |
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Personal names |
Anwar | wild (note: not related to Sindarin ‘anwar’) |
Bledri | King of the Wolves (leader of warriors or outlaws) |
Brac | free |
Cadarn | strong |
Cadell | battler |
Cilydd | meaning unknown |
Cryfdwrn | strong fist |
Edmyg | honour |
Gruffudd | strong lord |
Gwalch | hawk |
Gwyn | fair |
Meic | meaning unknown |
Rhain | spear |
Trahern | strong |
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Other miscellaneous words |
afon | river |
arglwydd | lord (feminine form arglwyddes) |
blaenwr | leader |
blaidd (plural bleiddiaid) | wolf |
Caledvwlch | ‘hard one’ (a legendary sword) |
cariad | sweetheart, beloved |
chwisgi | whisky |
cyffin | border, boundary |
cyngor | council |
gwlad | land, country |
iachawr | healer |
lleidr (plural lladron) | robber |
llysgennad | ambassador |
mawr | great |
morfa | moor, fen |
pennaeth | chieftain |
rhi | king |
rhos | moor, heath |
rhyfelwr | warrior |
senedd | parliament |
seren | star |
tawedog | silent, taciturn |
Yffern | hell |
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