SCIENCE  AND  PHILOSOPHY

         By    Franz J. T. Lee

PANDEMONIUM  BOOKS & PUBLICATIONS.

Merida, Venezuela, 1999.                        © 1999 Franz J. T. Lee  All Rights Reserved
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                                                   INDEX

         CONTENTS:

Introduction
 

PART ONE
 

CHAPTER  ONE --                         Cosmos I : Satz, Postulate.

CHAPTER  TWO --                        Cosmos II.

CHAPTER  THREE --                    Exposition: Cosmos.

CHAPTER  FOUR --                      EINAI (Thought, Theory, Philosophy).

CHAPTER  FIVE --                        EINAI -- Picking Up The Threads.

CHAPTER  SIX --                           EINAI -- The Calm before the Brain Storm.

CHAPTER  SEVEN --                    EINAI-FOR-ITSELF

CHAPTER  EIGHT:  --                  Towards : Einai-In- a n d -For-Itself  I

CHAPTER  NINE:  --                     Towards : Einai-In- a n d -For-Itself  II

CHAPTER  TEN:  --                       Intellect & Reason I

CHAPTER  ELEVEN:  --              Intellect & Reason II

CHAPTER  TWELVE:  --             Intellect & Reason III

CHAPTER  THIRTEEN:  --          Intellect & Reason IV

CHAPTER  FOURTEEN:  --        Intellect & Reason V - Science Finds God  I

CHAPTER  FIFTEEN:  --             Science Finds God  II

CHAPTER  SIXTEEN:  --             Science Finds God  III

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN:  --       EINAI  AND "Science Finds God":
                                                            "Modern Science" and "Weltgeist"

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN:  --          EINAI-FOR-ITSELF, PHILOSOPHY AND
                                                            UNIVERSITY.

CHAPTER NINETEEN:                REASON AND WISDOM, AUTOBIOGRAPHY,
                                                             PART I.

CHAPTER TWENTY:                   REASON AND WISDOM, AUTOBIOGRAPHY,
                                                             PART II.

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE:         REASON AND WISDOM, AUTOBIOGRAPHY,
                                                             PART III.

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO          HISTORY OF REASON  I

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE      HEGELIANISM

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR        MARXISM:  Karl Marx and the "Human Being"

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE          Epistemology Revisited   P A R T    I
 

PART   TWO
 

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX              HISTORY OF WISDOM  I

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN       HISTORY OF WISDOM  II

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT        HISTORY OF WISDOM III
                                                              Towards Philosophy - Thales of Miletus

CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE            HISTORY OF WISDOM IV
                                                               Biographic Data:  Thales  I

CHAPTER THIRTY                          HISTORY OF WISDOM V
                                                               Biographic Data:  Thales  II

CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE                HISTORY OF WISDOM VI
                                                               Anaximander of Miletus (610 - 546 B.C.)

CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO               HISTORY OF WISDOM VII
                                                               The Fragment of Anaximander

CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE          HISTORY  OF  WISDOM  VIII
                                                               Anaximenes of Miletus

CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR             HISTORY  OF  WISDOM  IX
                                                                Heracleitus of Ephesus
                                                                ( 535 - 475  B. C. )   PART  I

CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE               HISTORY  OF  WISDOM  X
                                                                Heracleitus of Ephesus
                                                                 ( 535 - 475  B. C.)  PART  II

(TO BE CONTINUED)
 

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INTRODUCTION

 In order to introduce Philosophy, firstly, one has to  be  a Philosopher ; secondly, to be able to philosophize, one must be able to think, must  e x i s t ; thirdly, to excel in Praxis a n d Theory,
one must  t r a n s c e n d , must surpass the ordinary everyday grayness and has to ascend to the evergreen sublime, to enter the realm of Reason and Emancipation, thus, leaving all quagmires and cesspools behind, allowing them to perish in-and-for-themselves.

 The famous German philosopher, Hegel, did state that "all that comes into being merits that it perishes", "alles, was entsteht, ist wert, dass es untergeht" ; this is surely true for formal logical or dialectical Being.

Certainly, the above does not refer to:

                         Being a n d Existence AND Transcendence.

 Not only the Gods are trimensional ; also We, You and I , are "divine" . We act  a n d  think AND transcend. Acting is Cosmic, is Doing, is  Praxis. Thinking is Intellectual, is Existential, is Theory. Transcending  is Surpassing, is Excellence, is Emancipation. This Historic Trinity, Essence  a n d Existence AND Transcendence, as Us, as You and I,  is the quintessence of what We understand as Human Being.

 But, We are not only Human Beings, We are not just passive actors on a world stage. We also exist,
We are thinking actors  a n d  exist as active thinkers; in nuce : We are Human Existences. Furthermore, We transcend; moreover, We excel , We reason, We surpass as Human Transcendences.

Until now, the above human qualities, as a totality, were attributed to the gods, were declared to be
divine ; mutatis mutandis they form the very essence of the Absolute Idea, of the World Spirit, of the Holy Trinity.  We do not deny this "absolute truth"; We only state that We ourselves form a Human Trinity, and much more.

 To act like Us, to think like Us, and to excel like Us, presuppose that We have been all along our lives on our own trail, in our own orbit, trying to historicize, to emancipate ourselves. For this, We need no recruiting, no conviction, no conscientization.

Here some explanations of some of our basic concepts:
 

  Philosophy
For us, Philosophy is not aristocratic: it is not the "queen of sciences", or the Warehouse of Absolute Truths, or the "ivory tower of cool or small talk". In the same  manner as Science is our Essence, similarly, Philosophy exists as our thinking and thought process. In this sense, to be homo sapiens, we have to exist as homo philosophicus, and not be a primitive zoon politikon or a modern homo faber.

More about our philosophical endeavours later..
 

History

The rulers of this world like to call their dwelling-place "the fatherland", "das Vaterland" or "la Patria" ; we have nothing against the act of calling someone or something names, as long as it ends there. Nonetheless, we are happy that the "master race" has identified for us its natural habitat and its social environment. We all know what the Patria is and that sometimes euphemistically it is called "History".  Our connotation of History has to do with the dialectical, better even, with the dialogical, much more better even, with the diagorical relation ("Bezug") of Nature  a n d  Society ; and surely not with its maltreated and perverted appearances, which form the very being of the Patria. Much more about this
in future chapters and lectures.

Emancipation

 Certainly our understanding of the concept "Emancipation" has very little to do with the classic "Emancipation of the Slaves" or with the conventional "Women's Lib", even less with the "emancipatory" pipe-dreams of the "New Left", of the "Neo-Right" or the "Neo-Liberal". Our emancipatory human process is essentially rooted in our modus vivendi, in the Patria; however, it exists beyond these formal-logical and ideological boundaries, and it transcends all "historical" utopias, enhancing anything
that we ever could aspire, and which can never be realized on this god forlorn planet, in this "heart of a heartless world". In future, we will continue the discussion on this pertinent topic.

Essence

 Essence is simply "What Is" , is "That What Is". This is generally known as Being, for example, Human Essence is Human Being. Other familiar concepts for Essence are : esse, essentia, ousía, Wesen, Was, Washeit, Quidditas. Relevant is not the Word but the Thought which uses the Word as a Tool, as an Instrument to express itself. We are using the Percept (or Unigory, see later), usually known as "Concept", COSMOS to express Essence or Being. Essence is Being, Doing, Acting, Práxis, NATURE. Essence is Cosmic, but the COSMOS is not only essential ; as we will see later, it is much more than this.

Existence

Existence, as a Concept, is not THAT which is used in everyday formal- logical language, in phrases like "human existence", e.g., "my existence is threatened", which means that I am going to "rest in peace" pretty soon. It is a philosophical concept which denotes "That something exists", simply "that", in German "dass", that something exists at all, "dass etwas ueberhaupt existiert". Existence also is not "to be there", Dasein, in Space and Time. For us, it is the "other side" (not understood in spatial terms) of Essence, its opposite; both Essence  a n d  Existence form a Contradiction, better, a Diagory. Existence concerns Thinking, Thought, Quodditas, Theory, Philosophy, SOCIETY. We use the Greek term EINAI to mean Existence in the above sense; its general meaning as "being, esse or sein" is included, but, as we have seen already, it exists much further than only simple Being. Please note: it is our concept, it has our connotation, irrespective of its original meaning in Ancient Greek. Much more explanations will follow later.

Transcendence

 The Transcept (not Concept) TRANSCENDENCE expresses surpassing, superating, excelling, "hinueberschreiten", that is, passing from one sphere to another. This is a philosophic transcept and it includes theological connotations, but it has no "divine" meanings. It has to do with Reasoning, with Reason, but it includes Doing and Thinking. This simply means that it excels as NEITHER ESSENCE NOR EXISTENCE, or expressed in another way, as Triagory, as Essence  a n d  Existence  AND Transcendence, in nuce, as HISTORY. It is a Historic Transcept, and Emancipatory Triagory. More elucidation will follow.

 In the following short lectures, published here as short chapters, we will expound, analyse and debate
the above scientific and intellectual reflections and philosophic reproductions. We give various words or terms a specific ontic and cognitive, even cognositive, content; for us, to avoid intellectual confusion, only our meaning and connotations, which we will explain in detail, have scientific and philosophic value. We respect all other interpretations, but their contents are not questioned, are not at stake here. We reserve for ourselves the historic right to act, to think, and to excel, all of, by and for ourselves.

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                          P A R T    O N E

                        CHAPTER  ONE

               PHILOSOPHY:  COSMOS  I

 

SATZ, POSTULATE

In order to philosophize, we have to put, to set, to place Something as premise, as principle, as postulate. The "Presocratics" postulated the arche, hyle, water, apeiron, air, fire, hen kai pan, sphairos, atom, etc. ; Plato settled the issue with the "idea", and Aristotle elevated it to the "form".

POISE,  POSTULATE !!

The crux of the matter is: when we do not state our principle, when we do not set our postulate, then we have to be happy that someone else does it for us, then we have to accept the principles and premises of others, without any rational possibility of ever questioning them or criticizing them at all. On what grounds will we accomplish this, when we do not even have a single principle whatsoever? Id est: how can we think for and by ourselves, when we adopt a pure receptive beggar like intellectual attitude towards the very basics of action and thought? Furthermore, how can we think and know with incisive precision those premises which others have postulated void of our intellectual participation or rational contribution, and how can we verify the veracity of our knowledge and thought concerning these very theorems which form the basis of Patrian tradition, culture and civilization?

The Sine Qua Non

As we stated in another context, to understand Philosophy, to comprehend the postulates of any philosopher, of Kant, Hegel or Bloch, we ourselves, in the first place, have to be able to think, to rationalize, have to be philosophers; and, anybody who claims to be a member of the species homo sapiens sapiens as a conditio sine qua non has to be sapient, has to act, to think, to be wise, to philosophize; otherwise the claim to "conscientize", to be self conscious, conscious, scientific and conscientious is pure rhetoric, is sheer humbug.

Big Father  a n d  Big Brother

 The "absolute" majority of "human beings" on this planet simply adopt an age old principle: God, the Father -  the Old Testament version of the modern Orwellian Big Brother. Others postulate "Great Ideas" of "Great Men" of a "Great Race", of the "Master Race", of the "Herrenvolk". They themselves do not bother to have any original ideas or principles, but they feel "great" when they adore and follow "my leader" , "our great leaders", our "great African leaders", "nuestro máximo líder", "unseren Führer".

Great Crash  a n d  Great Cash

Plato constructed a majestic ancient Greek Pyramid of Ideas to form the intellectual basis for the ideology of all philosopher kings of all kinds, colours and times. On the basis of its "philosophic" principles, the fatherland, "das Vaterland", "la Patria", did exist for ages, for millennia, and it is still going very strong. In its superstructure, all its necessary principles, axioms and laws are formulated, are formal logically postulated. By hook or by crook, for better or for worse, its economy, its monolithic, monopolithic foundation, is solid, is consolidated. Never mind the Great Pest, the Great Depression, the Great Crash, the Cash is still flowing : Globalization is already ushered in, we are already on the Information Highway, every second we are being ambushed by Highway Robbers.

 The above has to be cognized, be recognized, has to be part and parcel of our postulates, of our natural acts, of our social theorems and of our historic superems.

 Our Satz, Our Postulate: C O S M O S

(CHAPTER  TWO)

© 1999 Franz J. T. Lee All Rights Reserved