Message No. 21
Date: Wednesday, 16 February 2000
Time: 10:23 P.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Jonah Mendoza

Hi all. My name is Jonah Mendoza of EN1J. 

Ceramic industries is one example of industry that uses chemical 
kinetics. All ceramic products are made by combining various amounts 
of the raw materials, shaping and heating to firing temperature. 

These temperatures may be as low as 700 degree C for some overglazes 
or as high as 2000 deg. C for many vitrification.  Such temperature 
causes a number of reactions, which are the chemical bases for 
chemical conversions such as dehydration of chemical waters, smoking,
calcination, oxidation of furuos iron and organic matter, and 
silicate formation. 

Message No. 22
Date: Thursday, 17 February 2000
Time: 10:08 P.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Crystal Rose Cabradilla

Hi! I'm Crystal Rose of EN1C.

GOODYEAR is a very well-known  industry in the production of durable 
tires. This company produces synthetic rubber using chemical kinetics.

In making synthetic rubber, Styrene is one of the essential chemical 
compositions. Styrene is a monomer for rubber but is mainly used in 
the production of polystyrene plastics. This is the chemical reaction 
for the production of styrene:

     C6H6 + C2H4 => C6H5CH = CH2 + H2
     
The route in the production of styrene is via ethylbenzene, which 
is made by alkylating benzene with ethylene and subsequently 
dehydrogenating to styrene over an aluminum chloride, solid phosphoric 
acid, or silica-aluminum catalyst. This reaction uses chemical kinetics
since one of the factors which affect the rate of chemical reactions, 
is the adding of a catalyst. In this reaction, the adding of a 
silica-aluminum catalyst can speed up the rate of reaction without 
being consumed.  

There is also another chemical component essential in the production 
of synthetic rubber. This component would be chloroprene, which is the
monomer from which neoprene is produced. It is manufactured from 
acetylene and hydrogen chloride. 

This is the chemical reaction:

      2CH =CH ===> CH2 = CH -- C = CH ===> CH2 = CCl.CH=CH2
				
In this reaction, acetylene is dimerized to monovinylacetylene, 
which is then reacted with hydrogen chloride to form chloroprene. 
The contact time is 10 to 15 seconds, conversion is 20 percent per 
pass, and yield to 60 to 65 percent. This therefore shows that this 
reaction depends on the speed to produce chloroprene which also 
leads to the use of chemical kinetics since it is concerned with 
the rate or speed at which the reactions occur.

THIS IS ALL , GOOD DAY!                 

Message No. 23
Date: Thursday, 17 February 2000
Time: 10:38 P.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Jan Tracy Estrebillo

HELLO PEOPLE!  Here I am again,  TRACY of EN1C... 
        
(How will I start?) ... Now, we're on discussion number 2 and we have 
already learned  that chemical kinetics is the study of the rates and 
mechanisms of chemical reactions and, also of the four factors in 
which it depends like  (a) the nature of the reactants, 
(b) the concentrations of the reactants, (c) the temperature, 
(d) the presence of a catalyst.

As an example of the process, firefighters use basic principles of 
chemical kinetics.  When water is sprayed onto a fire, its 
evaporization absorbs a large amount of energy, this lowers the 
temperature and slows the reaction in a burning building which is 
highly an exothermic reaction.  Other common example are methods 
for extinguishing fires which includes covering them with CO2 
(as with most household extinguishers), which, it decreases the 
supply of oxygen, and backburning (for grass and forest fires), which 
removes combustible materials.  This removal of a reactant slows 
(or stops) the reaction.

...I know - my example is not really based on the chemical kinetics 
happening in a chemical industry.  It is only a simple example but 
I know ma-GETS 'NYO MAN ANG NA-MEAN KO... 
[You understand what I mean]

'TIL HERE... BYE PEOPLE...

Message No. 24
Date: Friday, 18 February 2000
Time: 12:17 A.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Juvy Salaver

Hi! I'm Juvy of EN1J. A pleasant day to you all.

"Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which chemical 
reaction occurs."

HYDROXIDES, ALKALIDES, BLEACHING CHEMICALS, COAL TAR are formed as 
biproducts during the production of coke and coal gas.

SULFURIC ACID also because it is a strong acid, is a good oxidizing 
and powerful dehydrating agent ...

Message No. 25
Date: Friday, 18 February 2000
Time: 1:42 A.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Maricar Ibaņez

Hi. I'm Maricar of EN1J. 

"Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates and their relation 
to the mechanism of a reaction." 

"Nearly all major developments and many minor ones were related to 
developments in the ALKALIDE trades. Just like in the part of a 
LEBLANC process. In chemical industries like glass making, ceramics,
metallurgy, sugar refinig and soap boiling operations were sometimes 
on a sizable scale, but were highly emperical. 

Source materials were largely of local origin, there was a highly 
developed chemical industry which has the proportions of a big 
business. Acids and alkalies were being produced on a anticipated 
scale. Synthetic dyes and drugs had eleminated certain natural ones 
from the market. New explosives were about to supplant black gun 
powder." 

Message No. 26
Date: Friday, 18 February 2000
Time: 1:48 A.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Angela Sagayno

Hi! This is Angela of EN 1J.

PLASTIC INDUSTRIES
 
"The development of plastics from laboratory curiosities to products 
tailored to industry's needs has brought new and economical materials 
of construction to the engineer and the designer. Not only can 
plastics replace metals and other materials, but they can also be 
used with them. 

A plastic may be defined as a material that contains a polymerized 
organic substance of large molecular weight as an essential ingredient,
is solid in its finished state and at some stage in its manufacture 
or its processing into finished articles can be shaped by flow. 
The common basic raw materials are coal, petrochemicals, cotton, wood,
gas, air, salt and water. 

Plastics lend themselves to an exceedingly large number of applications
because of their toughness, water resistance, excellent resistance to 
corrosion, ease of fabrication and remarkable color range.

The use of a plastic material for a specific application is dependent 
upon its composition, its particular properties and the design of the 
part synthetic resins are the largest source of plastic, with 
cellulose derivatives ranking next. 

All plastic materials of construction have limitations, when properly 
selected, they can be used with the same degree or assurance as
metals and alloys." 

Message No. 27
Date: Friday, 18 February 2000
Time: 2:11 A.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Larry Kris Mampolino Gayatin

Hello everyone. I am Larry Kris Gayatin of EN1J.

According to my research, chemical kinetics help in the decomposition 
of certain drugs. As this research goes the use of heat which will be 
explained in my report... 

Message No. 28
Date: Friday, 18 February 2000
Time: 10:18 P.M.

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Wilfredo Lazalita Dejaresco


My special greetings to everyone. I'm Wilfredo Dejaresco of EN1J.

Ammonia is the most important nitrogeneous material made synthetically
and sometimes continues to be by-product.  Ammonia gas is use as 
fertilizer, in heat treating, paper pulping, nitric acid and nitrates 
manufacture, explosives of various types, and as a refregerant.  
Urea, hydroxylamine, and hydrazine are made from ammonia. 

Ammonium Phosphate is used in quick-dissolving fertilizers and as a 
fire-retarding agent of wood, paper, and cloth. 

Message No. 29
Date: Saturday, 19 February 2000
Time: 1:33 A.M

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Jave Ann Arquisola

Hello. My name is Jave Ann Arquisola of EN1J.
 
"Chemical Kinetics provides information about how fast a reaction 
takes place. It is the study of the rates and the mechanisms of 
chemical reactions."

INDUSTRIAL  EXPLOSIVES

"Cost per unit of work done is almost as important as safety for 
industrial explosives. Blasting agents and slurry explosives have 
become the principal industrial explosives because they may be 
handled by simple machinery almost completely without danger and 
its very affordable. 

The ammonium nitrate mixtures synthesized with nonexplosives fuels 
such as oil and wax. Ammoium nitrate is the world's most explosive 
substance.

Explosives plays such a vital part in the nation's [USA] economy 
that their consumption has been suggested as a realiable index of 
explosives in the mineral industry.

Explosive rivets can be placed without backing devices. Shaping and 
cladding metals by explosives welding have become important 
manufacturing techniques.

Message No. 30
Date: Saturday, 19 February 2000
Time: 2:31 A.M

Subject: Discussion No. 2 (Application of Chemical Kinetics)
From: Nyssa C. Benjamin

Hi. I'm Nyssa Benjamin of EN1J. 

As we all know, chemical kinetics is concerned with the speed, or rate 
at which reactions occur. 

The industries which produces milk are using chemical kinetics. 
For this, they will be able to avoid milk to spoil rapidly 'cause they
will know how rapidly milk spoils. In this case, the milk that they 
will produce will have a long period of time or it will stay 
longer. 

But not only in this industriy but as much as possible maybe we 
ordinary individuals should also have knowledge about this chemical 
kinetics, so that we will avoid our foods from spoiling rapidly.