Note: There are so many facets to coating that the discussion has grown out of proportions and must be divided into subtopics of specific interest. Embedded links will lead to the these. Many unfinished areas will not be linked or may be partially developed.
Finish coating is an art, which must be learned to produce realistic models. Basically their are only a few commonly used methods: brushing, spraying, staining, dying, striping and dipping. Although some media may be used for different processes, methods vary drastically. Some techniques may be applicable on the layout on a larger scale. Many beautifully detailed models with superb craftsmanship have lost contests, solely because of the paint job. The applied finish is what is noticed first and it may well detract from other fine work.
Understanding the theories and secrets behind the processes can greatly improve techniques and reduce mistakes. There are many seemingly insignificant physical factors that can effect the final quality of any finish. Too often lack of knowledge leads to failure. The marriage of equipment and medium is very important and a good understanding of the characteristics and idiosyncrasies of both is essential for a successful union. This extends to the proper selection of components, prior to any attempt to use them.
Caution: Some of the methods
used involve caustic or poisonous liquids and fumes that may permeate an
entire house. Plastic gloves and adequate ventilation are mandatory. The
work area and you should be well protected from possible damage or
contact.
PREPARATION_ of surface is mandatory. It may be obvious that things should be clean; but of what and how? Contaminants may run from water, old paint, oil, unwanted lettering, dust, oxidation to some not quite so obvious. Elimination may be a difficult problem, unless proper procedures are followed, with the right aids. Some processes may be as simple as brushing away dust or fairly involved, as in removing lettering without damaging base coat. Often this may even include removing an inferior finish just applied.
BRISTLE BRUSHING PAINTING _ is too often taken for granted. Many of us learned how to smear paint in early school years or had art lessons. But the stringent requirements in achieving a thin, smooth, blemish free coating are quite different in both media and application. Through an understanding of basic brushing principles and media characteristics, probability of success can be greatly improved.
SPRAY PAINTING_ is an art unto itself, quite different from other methods in many ways. Although other methods may be preferable for some techniques, spraying can produce far superior results in most instances. Understanding the basic principles can avoid the pain of trial and error.
SPRAYERS, _like vehicles, come in many varieties, each with specific uses. A sports car does not haul a ton of coal very well. Since selection may be expensive and confusing, understanding the characteristics of various types and models can lead to a wiser choice and utilization. Too many, offered by hobby outlets, are not suitable for the wide range of applications and media used in model spraying.
Required or desirable ACCESSORIES _can be from almost none to a large conglomeration of very expensive gadgets. Most tend to make processes easier and more functional, but some may be almost useless. Often, dependent on frugality or insufficient knowledge, too few utile ones are acquired or too many less useful ones are accumulated. They may range from inexpensive, simple stirring sticks and rinsing containers to very expensive sonic cleaners and complicated spray or blasting booth systems. Understanding the assets and limitations of each will enable wise selection or omission.
MASKING _is a method used to provide color division, comprising a shield and exposed area. Too often, discussions simply cover using plastic wrap and tape as shields, neglecting pitfalls and other alternatives. Tapes vary greatly in performance, adherence and thickness. Often other materials and methods may prove superior. In some cases, the wrong technique may ruin the entire effort. To avoid failure and secure effective results, some understanding of factors involved is advisable.
STRIPING_ is another art often required to recreate a prototype scheme. Many forms are complicated by multiple stripes of different colors, curves, zig-zags , symbols and lettering. In addition to decals, several other alternatives are available including tapes, pens and rollers. Each has its advantages.
MIXING AND MATCHING COLORS _ requires some study of the three basic properties; hue, value and chroma, which locate every color on a quasi cylinder. Since in almost all cases color is reflected from the coating, light source, surface texture and size are quite important. Liquid measurements are critical, as in some cases, even a drop makes quite a difference. Since some people are somewhat color blind to certain hues, as with beauty, the results are in the eyes of the beholder. Common names of colors can be very confusing and misleading. Frequently prototype cars painted with the same batch of paint vary, due to aging and weathering.
DIPPING OR IMMERSION_ and associated processes can produce excellent results, where others fail. Often lubricants may attack coatings, softening, dissolving or loosening them. Coatings may interfere with fit or moving parts. In some cases, they just will not stick or are easily dislodged. Chemical solutions can react with metal surfaces to form more permanent bonds or plate metallic coatings. For some difficult to paint items, dipping is a better solution. METAL BLACKENING _ is frequently needed on many difficult to paint parts.
BAKING _ can harden coatings and improve bonding and durability , but it can also melt parts. Styrene can tolerate temperatures to about 160 ¨ F., but beyond that strange things can happen. The temperature must be carefully monitored and controlled. Selection of methods and equipment is critical to success.
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