7. A SPANISH, NOT AN ENGLISH PRESS
As we have already pointed out through
the observations in 1908 of Education Director Mr. Barrows, the preponderance
of Spanish continued to alarm the Americans since their agenda of imposing
the English language on the Filipino people was in danger of failing. They
had been quite certain that it would be possible to impose English in just
ten more years after 1916, the year the alleged Jones Independence Law
was passed. But Henry Ford himself, in 1916, was the second voice to sound
the alarm. He did so in the following terms:
"In the meantime, the use
of Spanish, instead of declining in the face of the propaganda promoting
English, seems to spread by itself. This fact has merited the attention
of the government. The Education Director’s report for 1908 says in page
9:
Spanish continues to be
the most prominent and important one spoken in political, journalistic
and commercial circles. English has active rivals as the language of trade
and instruction. It is equally probable that the adult population has lost
interest in learning English. I believe it is a fact that many more people
now know the Spanish language than when the North Americans sailed for
these islands and their occupation took place...The customary prerequisite
for dispatchers is for them to know English and Spanish. Through the great
upsurge in numbers and circulation of newspapers and publications, there
is much more reading matter in Spanish than before...
"There is an uncontestable meaning
behind that fact that in all these islands there is not one Filipino newspaper
published in English. All the native newspapers are published in Spanish
and in the vernacular. La Vanguardia, the Manila newspaper with the largest
circulation, has its section in Spanish and in the vernacular, and the
majority of the island newspapers follow this practice. The Philippine
Free Press, the newspaper with the largest circulation under North American
control, is printed in English and in Spanish, and all the rest of the
North American newspapers use Spanish in conjunction with English. The
only newspaper that is under total Filipino control that also uses English
is the revolutionary organ, The Philippine Republic, which is published
in Hong Kong. It is in English and in Spanish, its objective being to reach
North American readers in the interest of promoting Filipino independence.
"The report of the Education Director
in 1908 attributes the obstacle in the propagation of English to the action
of the government in extending the time during which the use of Spanish
in official documents would continue to be allowed. The Director says on
page 30 of his report:
“...The date set for English
to become the language of the courts was rolled back to January 1, 1911.
This measure, though recommended by the fact that a larger number of judges
and lawyers are insufficiently trained in English, has had an unfortunate
effect on public confidence in the final adoption of English as the government’s
official language.
"Nevertheless, the Education Director
expresses the belief that the ascendancy of Spanish is only temporary.
He said, The new generation, which will take over the affairs of these
islands within the next ten years, will not use Spanish for its day to
day purposes and its influence shall be decisive. Spanish will cease to
be the language of the courts on January 1, 1911. It is quickly ceasing
to be the vehicle for administrative correspondence. It is probable that
its use as the language of the legislators will be delayed even further...
"This was said five years ago, but
the events since then have not confirmed the forecast. The use of Spanish
as the official language has been extended up to January 1, 1920. Its generalized
use seems to be spreading even more.
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