"Eye of newt,
and toe of frog,
Wool of bat,
and tongue of
dog"

 "Adder's fork,
and
blind-worm's
sting,
Lizard's leg,
and owlet's
wing"
 
"For a charm
of powerful
trouble,
Like a
hell-broth boil
and babble"
 "Double,
double, toil and
trouble,
Fire burn, and
caldron
bubble"
William
Shakespeare

Witches and Warlocks have had a long history with Halloween. Legends tell of witches gathering twice a year when the seasons changed, on April 30 - the eve of May Day and the other was on the eve of October 31 - All Hallow's Eve. 

 The witches would gather on these nights, arriving on broomsticks, to celebrate a party hosted by the devil. Superstitions told of witches casting spells on unsuspecting people, transform themselves into different forms and causing other magical mischief. 

It was said that to meet a witch you had to put your clothes on wrong side out and you had to walk backwards on Halloween night. Then at midnight you would see a witch. 

When the early settlers came to America, they brought along their belief in witches. In American the legends of witches spread and mixed with the beliefs of others, the Native Americans - who also believed in witches, and then later with the black magic beliefs of the African slaves.

  The black cat has long been associated with witches. Many superstitions have evolved about cats. It was believed that witches could change into cats. Some people also believed that cats were the spirits of the dead. 

One of the best known superstitions is that of the black cat. If a black cat was to cross your path you would have to turn around and go back because many people believe if you continued bad luck would strike you. 

 
 

There, in a gloomy hollow glen, she found
A little cottage built of sticks and weeds,
In homely wise, and walled with sods around,
In which a witch did dwell in loathy weeds
And willful want, all careless of her needs;
So choosing solitary to abide,
Far from all neighborhoods, that her devilish deeds
And hellish arts from people she might hide,
And hurt far off, unknown, whomever she envied.

 -Edmund Spencer, Faerie Queene (1590)
 
 

Many Names of a Witch
-both good and evil, male and female 

bacularia (from riding on a stick)
fascinatrix (from the evil eye)
herberia (from her baneful herbs)
maliarda (from the evil or mala she works)
pixidaria (from her box of magic ointments)
femina saga (wise woman)
lamia (bloodsucking night monster)
incantator (worker of charms)
magus (wise man)
maleficius (worker of evil against men, beast, or property)
sortiariae mulier (woman who prophesies by lots)
strix (nocturnal bird)
veneficia (poisoner)
vir sortilegi (magician)
   
     

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