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Superclusters
While galaxies are a mere hundred thousand light-years across and clusters not more than ten million or so, a supercluster might snake through a few hundred million light-years of space.
It turns out that galaxies almost never move much faster than a thousand kilometers per second, about one-three-hundredths as fast as the speed of light. Simply put, if these objects exist, the universe cannot have begun twenty billion years ago.
In 1990 the existence of these huge objects was confirmed by several teams of astronomers. The most dramatic work was that of Margaret J. Geller and John P. Huchra of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who are mapping galaxies within about six hundred million light-years of earth. In November of 1989 they announced their latest results, revealing what they called the "Great Wall, a huge sheet a galaxies stretching in every direction off the region mapped. The sheet, more than two hundred million light-years across and seven hundred million light-years long, but only about twenty million light-years thick, coincides with a part of one of the supercluster complexes mapped by Tully. The difference is that the new results involve over five thousand individual galaxies, and thus are almost impossible to question as statistical flukes.

There  are many other discoveries on large structures like these which the discoverers themselves think  can contradict the theory of Big bang. Cosmologists today say the blast from the Big bang was extremely smooth and uniform, according to the background radiation it allegedly left behind. How could such a smooth start have led to such massive and complex structures? How so much structure could have formed within the 15-billion-year age of the Universe?
Notes: We, the members of kosmandu, are waiting for M. Saleem form Pakistan to come to Kathmandu to give us lectures on Cosmology. This man himself had published his theory of Contradiction of Big Bang in 1990-91. He wrote in his book 'Mysteries of Mysterious Universe' that these galaxies, we have observed to be receding from us, are in fact moving due to gravity of a Super cluster (indeed very much super size cluster)  very far away from the observed part of the Universe (or inside) and of course not due to 'Big Bang 14 billion years back'.
Halton Arp and his discovery Prof. Halton Arp, Max Planck Institute For Astrophysics, Germany. HE has an experience of more than 50 years. He had his first post doctoral position as an assistant to Edwin Hubble when, during 1953-55 he searched for Supernova confirm the Hubble's law of red shift of galaxies. He has found what seems to be a nearby galaxy with a jet of matter is pointing towards a distant quasar (Quasars have large red shifts and are thought to be the farthest objects in the Universe).  It is as if the quasar is having a gravitational effect on the nearby galaxy. but in order for that to be the case, the pair must be very close together. So Arp believes, this example proves both the Big Bang theory and Hubble-wrong!	The pictures have no relation to the observations described in this page.
Today's biggest question certainly is: What is supposed to have caused the big bang itself (if it ever happened)? So for more you have to wait or subscribe to our newsletters to get updated on the theories of the cosmos.