#1 Müller-Lyer

#2 Poggendorf

#3

#4

#5 Ebbinghaus

#6

#7 Zöllner

#8 Hering

#9 Sander

#10

#11

#12

#13 Poggendorf

#14 Kmunicek

Note to #14: Author of #14 is Vilem Kmunicek. He sent me animated gif 27.7.2003. His commentary follows: How to do it or What is a square? Commentary on an optical illusion Usually, we have two things: the truth that we wish to improve, cover, render impossible or unreliable, and the lie that, on the other hand, we want to make seemingly truthful. In such a case, the easiest way is to use the opposing statements for creating chaos (in this picture suggested by a number of lines), where the truth will appear as lie and the other way round.

Literature: V o c i l k a  J., B i l y  J.: Zrakove klamy. Epocha, r. XI, 1906, p. 107, 138, 174, 205, 222. T h i e l e  R.: Matematicke dukazy. SNTL Praha, 1986.

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last modified 8th August 2003
Copyright © 1998-2003 Vladimir Zabrodsky
Czech Republic