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Networking Essentials Notes - Section 2
Section Titles:
The OSI Model | Drivers | Packets | Protocols | Putting data on the Cable

 

How a Network Functions

The OSI Model

OSI Layers   (Check out the OSI Model Summary Page)

Application Layer

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer

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The 802 Project Model

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802.1 Internet working
802.2 Division of Data Link Layer into sublayers 
  • LLC (Logical Link Control)
  • Media Access Control (MAC)
802.3 CSMA/CD - Ethernet
802.4 Token Bus LAN (ARCnet)
802.5 Token Ring LAN
802.6 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
802.7 Broadband Technical Advisory Group
802.8 Fiber-Optic Technical Advisory Group
802.9 Integrated Voice/Data Networks
802.10 Network Security
802.11 Wireless Networks
802.12 Demand Priority Access Lan, 100 Base VG - AnyLAN

OSI Model Enhancements

The bottom two layers - Data Link and Physical - define how multiple computers can simultaneously use the network without interfering with each other. 

 

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Drivers
Packets

Types of data sent includes 

Packet Components

Packet Creation

Packet Addressing

 

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Protocols
 How Protocols Work

The Sending Computer

The Receiving Computer (same steps in reverse)

Protocol Stacks (or Suites)

The Binding Process

Standard Stacks

Protocol types map roughly to the OSI Model into three layers:

Application Level Service Users 

Application Layer 
Presentation Layer 
Session Layer

Transport Services 

Transport Layer


Network Services 

Network Layer 
Data Link Layer 
Physical Layer

Application Protocols

Work at the upper layer of the OSI model and provide application to application interaction and data exchange. 

Examples:

Transport Protocols

These protocols provide communication sessions between computers and ensure data is moved reliably between computers. 

Examples:

Network Protocols

These provide link services 

They also 

Examples:

 

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The IEEE protocols at the Physical Layer

802.3 (CSMA /CD - Ethernet)

802.4 (Token Passing)


802.5 (Token Ring)

 Important Protocols

TCP/IP

NetBEUI

X.25

XNS

IPX/SPX and NWLink

APPC

AppleTalk

OSI Protocol Suite

DECnet

 

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Putting data on the Cable

Access Methods

The 4 major methods

 

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Other methods
 

Appletalk

ARCNet


Most important ARCNet facts for you to know:

Summary Chart
 

Feature or Function CSMA/CD CSMA/CA Token Passing Demand Priority
Type of Communication Broadcast-based Broadcast-based Token-based Hub-based
Type of Access Method Contention Contention Non-contention Contention
Type of Network Ethernet LocalTalk Token Ring 
ARCnet
100VG-AnyLAN
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E-mail Me! Comments and suggestions? E-mail me at grantwilson21@yahoo.com
Last Updated: August 6, 2001  Grant Wilson, Edmonton, AB Canada