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Kings of Assyria Table B, from Adasi to Assur Dan II, synthesized from Synchronistic Chronicle, Meissner's list, and Corrected to the Khorsabad List Table E, following the early king list from Khorsabad as given by Poebel Vol I page 292 (after Courville, with additions and corrections)
King	Date			Lineage & Synchs	No.
Tudia					1
Adamu					2
Iangi					3
Kitlamu					4
Harharu					5
Mandaru					6
Imsu					7
Harsu					8
Didanu					9
Hanu					10
Zuabu					11
Nuabu					12
Abazu					13
Tillu					14
Asarah					15
Uspia					16
Apiasal				son of Uspia	17
Halu				son of Apiasal	18
Samanu				son of Halu	19
Ha(i)ianu				son of Samanu	20
Ilu-Mer				son of Ha(i)ianu	21
Iakmesi				son of Ilu-Mer	22
Iakmeni				son of Iakmesi	23
Iazkur-ilu				son of Iakmeni	24
Ilu-kapkapi				son of Iazkur-ilu	25
Aminu				son of Ilu-kapkapi	26
Sulili				son of Aminu	27
Kikkia					28
Akia					29
Puzur-Assur					30
Sallim-ahhe				son of Puzur-Assur	31
Illusumma				son of Sallim-ahhe battled Suabu of 1st Dyn Babylon	32
Erisu				son of Illusumma	33
Ikunu				son of Erisu	34
Dynasty of Akkad / Agade
King	Date			Lineage & Synchs	No.
Sarru-kin [Sargon the Great]				son of Ikunu	35
Puzur-Assur Rimush (2278-2270), then Manishtushu (2269-2255), per Carter and Stolper				son of Sarru-kin	36
Naram-Sin				son of Puzur-Assur conqueror of Elam, etc invasion of the Gutians from the east per "The Curse of Agade"; [destruction of the Cities of the Plain?] [Abraham, Lot?]	37
Erisu Shar-kali-sharri (2217-2193) per Carter and Stolper				son of Naram-Sin [revival of Elam] zenith of Lagash supposed victory over Anshan per Kramer	38
Samsi-Adad				son of Ilu-kapkapi [succession crisis? usurper?] earlier contemporary of Hammurabi of Babylon Amenemhet I of Egypt reigned earlier	39
Isme-Dagan				son of Samsi-Adad a king of Isin was Isme-Dagan (Sigrist)	40
Assur-dugul				son of a "nobody" [final destruction of Agade?]	41
King	Date			Lineage & Synchs	No.
					42
(Courville has a lacuna)					43
					44
					45
					46
Adasi			1648		47
Bel-bani	1647	-	1638		48
Shabai (Labaiiu)	1637	-	1621		49
Sharma-Adad	1620	-	1609		50
Gimil-Sin (En-tar-Sin)	1608	-	1597		51
Zimzai (Bazzaiiu)	1596	-	1569		52
Lullai	1568	-	1563		53
Shi-Ninua (Su-Ninua)	1562	-	1549		54
Sharma-Adad II	1548	-	1546		55
Erishu III	1545	-	1533		56
Shamsi-Adad II	1532	-	1527		57
Isme-Dagan II	1526	-	1511		58
Shamshi-Adad III	1510	-	1495		59
Assur-nirari	1494	-	1469		60
Puzur-Assur III	1468	-	1455		61
Enlil-nasir I	1454	-	1442		62
Nur-ili	1441	-	1430		63
Assur-saduni	1430				64
Assur-rabi I	1430				65
Assur-nadin-ahhe	1430				66
Enlil-nasir I	1430			the Hebrew Exodus in Egypt and beginning of Kassite dynasty in Babylon per Velikovsky (though not in this year, approx 20 years earlier)	67
King	Date			Lineage & Synchs	No.
Assur-nirari II	1423	-	1417		68
Assur-bel-nishesu	1416	-	1408		69
Assur-rim-nishesu	1407	-	1400		70
Assur-nadin-ahi II	1399	-	1390		71
Eriba-Adad I	1389	-	1363		72
Assurr-uballit I	1362	-	1327		73
Enlil-nirari	1326	-	1317		74
Arik-den-ili	1316	-	1305		75
Adad-nirari I	1304	-	1273		76
Shalmaneser I	1272	-	1243		77
Tukulti-Urta I	1242	-	1206	Kassite king Kudur(...)	78
Assur-nadinpapli	1205	-	1203		79
Assur-nirari III	1202	-	1197		80
Enlil-kudur-usur	1196	-	1192	he and Kassite king Adad-Sumi-linnasir died fighting each other	81
Urta-apal-Ekur I	1191	-	1179		82
Assur-dan I	1178	-	1133	Kassite king Enlilnadin	83
Urta-tukulti-Assur	1133				84
Mutakkil-Nusku	1133				85
King	Date			Lineage & Synchs	No.
Assur-resh-ishi I	1132	-	1115		86
Tiglath-pileser I	1114	-	1076		87
Urta-apal-Ekur II	1075	-	1074		88
Assur-bel-kala I	1073	-	1056		89
Eriba-Adad II	1055	-	1054		90
Shamshi-Adad IV	1053	-	1050		91
Assur-nasir-appli	1049	-	1031		92
Shalmaneser II	1030	-	1019		93
Assur-nirari IV	1018	-	1013	(Courville had 1015)	94
Assur-rabi II	1012	-	972	Agog/Apop II killed 1012 per Velikovsky	95
Assur-resh-ishi	971	-	967		96
Tiglath-Pileser II	966	-	935		97
Assur-dan II	934	-	912		98
Adad-nerari II	911	-	891		99
Tukulti-Ninurta II	890	-	884		100
Assur-nasir-pal	883	-	859		101
Shalmaneser III	858	-	824		102
Shamsi-Adad V	823	-	811		103
Adad-nerari III	810	-	783		104
Shalmaneser IV	782	-	773		105
Assur-dan III	772	-	755		106
Assur-nerari V	754	-	745		107
King	Date			Lineage & Synchs	No.
Tiglath-Pileser III	744	-	727	2 Kings 15:19, 15:29, 16:7 2 Chronicles 28:20	108
Shalmaneser V	726	-	722	2 Kings 17:1 thru 18:9	109
Sargon II	721	-	705	Ezra 20:1 Isaiah 20:1	110
Sennacherib	704	-	681	2 Kings 18:13 thru 23:29 2 Chronicles 32:1 Isaiah 36:1 thru 37:38	111
Esarhaddon	680	-	669	2 Kings 19:37 Ezra 4:2 Isaiah 37:38 referenced as "S.R. Haddon" in movie "Contact"?	112
Assur-bani-pal	668	-	633		113
Assur-etil-ilana	632	-	629		114
Sin-sumu-liser	628?	-	622?		115
Sin-arra-iskun	623	-	612	Nineveh destroyed	116
Assur-uballit II	611	-	?		117
The last of the Akkadian kings seems to have been Assur-dugul "son of a nobody", seventh to reign from that capital. The destruction of Akkad appears to coincide with the rise of Babylon, which is followed, or perhaps made possible, by the Guti invasion. "Studies of satellite images of southern Iraq have revealed a two-mile-wide circular depression which scientists say bears all the hallmarks of an impact crater. If confirmed, it would point to the Middle East being struck by a meteor with the violence equivalent to hundreds of nuclear bombs... The catastrophic effect of these could explain the mystery of why so many early cultures went into sudden decline around 2300 BC. They include the demise of the Akkad culture of central Iraq, with its mysterious semi-mythological emperor Sargon; the end of the fifth dynasty of Egypt's Old Kingdom, following the building of the Great Pyramids and the sudden disappearance of hundreds of early settlements in the Holy Land." -- Robert Matthews, Meteor clue to end of Middle East civilisations To put the impact into some perspective, the Barringer or Meteor Crater in AZ is about 3/4 mile across; this more recent crater would be the result of an impact 7.11 times greater. "Test on various late Gird millennium BC archaeological deposit and contemporaneous provides evidence for the regional occurrence in northern Syria of a layer with an uncommon petrographic assemblage, dated at ca. 2350 BC (transition between late Early Dynastic and Early Akkad)... Occurrence in a previously recorded thick tephra deposit of particles identical to some of the mysterious layer and resemblance of its original pseudo-sand fabric with the exploded one of the mysterious layer confirms that the later is contemporaneous with the tephra deposit... The restricted occurrence of the later suggests that the massive tephra accumulation can no longer be considered as a typical fallout derived from the dispersion of material from a terrestrial volcanic explosion." -- Marie-Agnes Courty, Causes And Effects Of The 2350 BC Middle East Anomaly Professor Fekri Hassan, from University College London, UK, wanted to solve the mystery, by gathering together scientific clues. His inspiration was the little known tomb in southern Egypt of a regional governor, Ankhtifi. The hieroglyphs there reported "all of Upper Egypt was dying of hunger to such a degree that everyone had come to eating their children". Dismissed as exaggeration and fantasy by most other Egyptologists, Fekri was determined to prove the writings were true and accurate. He also had to find a culprit capable of producing such misery. He studied the meticulous records, kept since the 7th Century, of Nile floods. He was amazed to see that there was a huge variation in the size of the annual Nile floods - the floods that were vital for irrigating the land. But no records existed for 2,200BC. Then came a breakthrough - a new discovery in the hills of neighbouring Israel. Mira Bar-Matthews of the Geological Survey of Israel had found a unique record of past climates, locked in the stalactites and stalagmites of a cave near Tel Aviv. What they show is a sudden and dramatic drop in rainfall, by 20%. It is the largest climate event in 5,000 years. And the date? 2,200 BC. -- Disaster that struck the ancients "At Mari on the central Euphrates, among other rich material, a cuneiform tablet was found which established that Hammurabi of Babylonia and King Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria were contemporaries. An oath was sworn by the life of these two kings in the tenth year of Hammurabi... [T]he dating of Hammurabi must be... later than Amenemhet I of the Twelfth Dynasty... [T]he First Babylonian Dynasty reigned from the eighteenth century to the very beginning of the fifteenth and was contemporaneous with the Egyptian Twelfth and Thirteenth Dynasties... The time of the Kassites in Mesopotamia corresponds more precisely to the time of the Hyksos in Egypt and Syria." -- Velikovsky, Hammurabi and the Revised Chronology. [regarding the synchronism between Hammurabi and Shamshi-Adad I] Somewhat later Chedorlaomer (Kudur-Laghamar, "Servant of Laghamar", an Elamite deity), known to us from the Bible, seems to have been more successful. Not only does he appear as overlord of Babylonia, but he carried his conquest as far west as Palestine. Chedormabug was originally Prince of Emutbal, or western Elam, but obtained dominion over Babylonia and rebuilt the temple at Ur. His son, Rim-Sin, or Eri-Aku, considered himself so well established on Babylonian territory that he affected the ancient titles, Exalter of Ur, King of Larsa, King of Sumer and Akkad. Yet he was the least of the city-kings, and a new order of things began with the rise of Babylon. -- J.P. Arendzen Babylonia From the Catholic Encyclopedia transcribed by Rev. Richard Giroux. The fourteenth chapter of Genesis... has been a special butt for the ridicule of the Higher Critics of the Wellhausen school, Professor Nšldeke confidently declaring as late as 1869 that criticism had forever disproved its claim to be historical... Hammurabi is now known to have had his capital at Babylon at the time of Abraham. Until recently this chronology was disputed, so that the editors and contributors of the New Schaff-Herzog Cyclopedia dogmatically asserted that as Abraham lived nearly 300 years later than Hammurabi, the biblical story must be unhistorical... Chedorlaomer is pretty certainly identified as Kudur-Lagamar... king of Elam, and was either the father or the brother of Kudur-Mabug, whose son, Eri-Aku (Arioch), reigned over Larsa and Ur, and other cities of southern Babylonia. He speaks of Kudur-Mabug "as the father of the land of the Amorites," i. e., of Palestine and Syria. Tidal, "king of nations," was supposed by Dr. Pinches to be referred to on a late tablet in connection with Chedorlaomer and Arioch under the name Tudghula, who are said, together, to have "attacked and spoiled Babylon." -- Professor George Frederick Wright, The Testimony of the Monuments to the Truth of the Scriptures Charles Kimball cites Zecharia Sitchin as having identified Amraphel with Amar-Sin. "The old identification of Amraphel/Hammurabi still appears in some texts, but we should not take it seriously; Hammurabi would not have taken an equal or subordinate role in any alliance!" (Chapter 4: God's Vessel Of Revelation (Part I)). Respectfully, the idea that Hammurabi would not have taken an equal isn't true and isn't a basis for rejecting the identification, which works from a transliteration standpoint and probably from a chronological standpoint. Amar-Sin succeeded Shulgi as ruler of Ur, and had to contend with the Amorites. The first dynasty of Babylon was Amorite(Ancient Mesopotamia), and its third king fought Illusumma of Assyria, prior to the dynasty of Akkad. The sixth king, Hammurabi, had a long reign, but was just one ruler of just another city state throughout the earlier years of his reign, which S.N.Kramer describes as "some three decades of rather troubled rule." (The Sumerians). "[I]n order to find out whether the personality of Joseph or the patron of the early stage of his career, Potiphar, is referred to in the historical documents, we have to look into those of the Middle Kingdom... Ptahwer was at the service of the Pharaoh Amenemhet III of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. According to an inscription of Ptahwer at Sarbut el-Khadem in Sinai dated in the forty-fifth year of Amenemhet III, his office was that of "master of the double cabinet, chief of the treasury"... The inscription records the successful accomplishment of some peaceful expedition. Since there is only one Ptahwer in the historical documents, and since he lived in the time when we expect to find him, we are probably not wrong in identifying the biblical Potiphar with the historical Ptahwer... In the days of Amenemhet III there occurred in Egypt a famine enduring nine long years. The inscription which deals with Ptahwer mentions a man whose name is transliterated by Breasted as Y-t-w. Among the monuments of Amenemhet III's reign is one of the Storekeeper who was honored together with two other persons... we may suspect in Yatu the Biblical Joseph... The inscription that mentions Ptahwer refers to his activity in the mines of the Sinai peninsula. In this respect it is of interest to find that the Jewish traditions connect Joseph with the area of the Sinai Peninsula saying that he kept a large quantity of treasuries near Baal Zaphon, the scene of the Passage of the Sea." -- Velikovsky, Joseph and Potiphar. David Rohl cites Kenneth Kitchen (no, really, a number of times, in this case on p 350) regarding the alternative name for Joseph, given him by the Pharaoh, "Zaphenat-Pa'aneah" (Genesis 41:45). Kitchen suggests that the t and p have been reversed ("metathesis", analogous to the example noted by Velikovsky, the change from Nikomedes to Nikodamos) so that the original was "probably 'zat-en-aph', that is Djed(u)-en-ef... meaning 'he who is called'" and Pa'aneah was Ipiankh(u), so Joseph who is called Ipiankh(u). Rohl explains that ankhu means "is alive". Not knowing the language, this appears to be the Egyptian play on Joseph's own story, as it appears to mean "the one who is alive". Rohl further cites Kitchen that Asenath (the daughter of Potipherah, given to Joseph for a bride) appears to be Ius-en-at or "she belongs to you". -- Pharaohs and Kings Regarding the synchronism between the 32nd Kassite king and Enlil-kudur-usur (note the apparent Elamite element in the name of this Assyrian king) came from Second Dynasty of Isin (I can't read the rest of the title in my own notes, nor did I unambiguously note the author). David Rohl cited Poebel and R. Borger for the idea that there were parallel lines and rival rulers in Assyria. For example, "Sallim-ahhe, son of Puzur-Assur" (himself the son of Sargon the Great) could have been the elder brother and rival of "Naram-Sin, son of Puzur-Assur", ruling from another capital, making them contemporaries, and so on:
Sallim-ahhe				Naram-Sin
Illusumma battled Suabu of 1st Dyn Babylon				Erisu
Erisu				Samsi-Adad son of Ilu-kapkapi
Ikunu				Isme-Dagan
Sargon son of Ikunu				Assur-dugul
In other words, I'm not serious. While there is an earlier Ilu-kapkapi from whom Samsi-Adad could have been descended, thus making it possible to further screw up things and build a more internally consistent parallel lineage (in this goofing around version, Sargon is part of a time travel paradox), it's clear that Samsi-Adad either claimed descent through a dozen or so generations from Ilu-kapkapi, or actually was descended from him, or made up a lineage, or referred to a different Ilu-kapkapi. Samsi-Adad appears to have been the winner in a succession crisis when Erisu died unexpectedly either without issue or with heirs too young to rule. See my webbed version of Roux' Kassite Period chronological table for an example of such shuffling of the king list. Notice also that to make the chronology work, Roux stretched some reigns (while dropping others) in order to try to make the Kassite dynasty fit in his version of the conventional timeline. Rohl's example revolves around a problem that doesn't exist -- that no Assuruballit is known from the right time to have written letters found in the Amarna archive. Assuruballit referenced his father Ashur-nadin-ahhe. The only Ashur-nadin-ahhe (above, Assur-nadin-ahhe) on the Assyrian king list very definitely didn't live in the time that supports his new chronology, as he lived in the 15th c BC. Whoever this person was, he didn't rule Assyria, and neither he nor his father is recorded on any surviving copies. Assur-nadin-ahi II, who was succeeded by Eriba-Adad I and then by Assurr-uballit I, is the choice of supporters of the conventional chronology, although this group of rulers lived in the 14th century BC, unfortunately for them he outlived Akhenaten, and his (grand?)son Assurr-uballit I was not on the throne during the time that the Amarna correspondence. Velikovsky wrote about an Assuruballit: "195. Assuruballit in Harran, against whom Mursilis marched, was the younger brother of Assurbanipal." -- Velikovsky, Theses For The Reconstruction Of Ancient History This Assurubalit wasn't on the throne long, if indeed he was the same person as the last king of Assyria by that name (the only king post-Nineveh). On the conventional timeline Mursilis lived about six centuries earlier. Peter James et al (Centuries of Darkness, Peter James, IJ Thorpe, Nikos Kokkinos, Robert Morkot, John Frankish) discuss the same problem, but stick with different imaginary rulers and synchronisms, and dump on Shamsi-Adad I, on the Assyrian chronology, and speculate that there were as many as four Assyrian kingdoms simultaneously. The Roman numerals following the king's names are of modern creation and represent the accepted order of reign of several kings who had the same name. Table A consisted of 98 to 117, Table B was 47 to 97, and Table E was 1 through 41. 42-46 were not in Courville. The headers I put throughout do not necessarily represent dynastic breaks. Reprised from my defunct maillist and webspace on the Globe, where the table was posted prior to June 22, 2000. First posted here Monday, January 7, 2002. Courville index

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