Ancient Greece and Hellenism

The ancient Greeks were the first people that tried to develop rational explanations on the universe. Although it is another way, that the universe is not only a comprehensive rational observation with different apparatuses during the Rennaissance period with the famous Italian inventor Galileo Galilee who invented the telescope at the time.

However, the real method of developing issue and debate for politics was in the Senate. Evolved from the Greeks. Also, the development of the Academy at the time of Plato was actually a result of no dissolution of the political polei which was one of the true factors that built the institutions of Athens.

According to Wiesner, "During the fifth century B.C. several Athenian thinkers turned their attention from the world around them to the human beings living in that world. They used this new method of political inquiry to question the workings of the human mind and the societies the humans create."

A major separation of philosophical thought started in Athens. That was a philosophical schism between Plato and Aristotle. Plato was an older philosopher than Aristotle.

Aristotle was fascianted with the world around him. Many of his writings were scientific. Which revealed a keen power of observation.

Wiesner writes, "Aristotle further intended that these works should not only describe ideal human behavior or political system but also provide suggestions about how to alter the current practice closely to the ideal."

Wiesner further explains, " In classical Athens, human nature was a subject contemplated not only by scientists and philosophers but also by historians, such as Thucydides and Herodotus. They searched for explanations about the natural order that did not involve the gods."

The concept of war was actually divided in two Greek communities, the Athenian and the Spartans had it them. To Athenians, war was the highest test of human ideals, morals and values that went with the oracles at Delphi and dealings with the divine entities such as Zeus, Athena, Aphrodite, Vulcan and Poseidon in papyrus passed on to them by their religious leaders. They developed the way of the tests that conform with the divinities. They usually succeed the grueling test. Then announced to the entire poleis which in turn usually deified the person should the feat have been with extreme hardships to the satisfisfaction of both deity and men.

Thucydides' Peloponessian War describes the Athenian actions in that war. Also, he dramatized the actions which depict human virtues Athenians had it in them to endure. Perservering the start and outcome of the Peloponessian War.

According to Wiesener he cite "Athenian architecture that was more original in its design he states, Athens that served as both the political and commercial center of the city. The west side of the agora was a line of government buildings including the bouleisterion, where the council met. The agora was bordered by several stoa, roofed over open colonnades in front lines of shops and offices. Because the climate of Greece is mild a good part of the year much business could take place outside or in one of the stoa.

The highest achievement of ancient Greece, carried on to the Hellenistic period was embodied in a speech of Pericles' Funeral Speech in 430 B.C. he writes, "Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states we are rather a pattern to other than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few, this is why its called a democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all their private differences."