Side effects of anabolic steroids
Type 1 is present in the scalp and skin, and unfortunately Proscar is a poor inhibitor for that type. side effects of anabolic steroids Effects-of-anabolic-steroids. There are a number of experimental Type 1 inhibitors, such as MK-386, which will likely be of use in treating acne or male-pattern baldness, but they are not on the market yet. 3-oxosteroid-4,5-isomeraseThis enzyme is of no interest unless one is concerned with the conversion of DHEA or one of the 5-andro products to testosterone, where the enzyme is required to change the double bond from the 5 position to the 4 position of testosterone (Figure 10). P450 enzymes (various)A number of enzymes of the P450 class can hydroxylate steroids at various positions on the molecule by adding OH groups. side effects of anabolic steroids Natural-steroids. This will deactivate the steroid, and the added hydroxy group also provides a position for further metabolism to make the steroids water soluble and more easily excreted. While some have suggested the idea of inhibiting P450 enzymes to get more "bang for the buck" from a given amount of steroid, the idea is a poor one, since there are many P450 enzymes that can act in this manner on steroids, and these enzymes are important for metabolism of many things other than steroids. Where there might be some relevance is if a drug is taken which greatly increases amount of some P450 enzymes; for example, rifampin. side effects of anabolic steroids Anabolic hormone. This would probably reduce the effectiveness of steroids by speeding their rate of metabolism. UDP-glucuronysyltransferase (UDPGT)This enzyme attaches what is basically a sugar molecule to an -OH group of a steroid, thus deactivating it and making it far more water soluble, and more readily excreted. This action is reversible to a minor extent in the body by glycosidase enzymes. It is reversed to a significant extent, however, in what is called enterohepatic recycling. In this process, deactivated, glucuronidated steroids are excreted in the bile into the intestine, where bacteria then cleave the glucuronide, restoring the steroid. Much of this steroid will then be reabsorbed by the body. The result is, just because a steroid is excreted once, doesn't mean it still won't come back for another turn. This phenomenon is quite important in birth control, and is the reason why antibiotics can interfere with The Pill. The amount of bacteria in the intestine is reduced by the antibiotics, which reduces the degree of recycling, and thus reduces estrogen levels. It would also be the case, for an androgen user, that antibiotic use would reduce enterohepatic recycling, and thus cause a given dose of steroid to have less effect. Men have about twice as much UDPGT activity on steroids as women do. There is also a great deal of variation between individuals. Sulfotransferases (various types, including DHEA-ST)These enzymes convert a -OH group of a steroid to the sulfate form, which is inactive. The process is reversible. The sulfated form provides a depot of temporarily inactivated steroid which may be later converted back to the parent steroid. This is of particular relevance with DHEA, where a large fraction of DHEA is in the sulfated form at any given moment, but is also of some relevance with the diol prohormones, which may be sulfated, and therefore inactivated, at the 3-OH position. Sulfation generally occurs at a slower rate than glucuronidation, but nonetheless the process is still significant in the metabolism of testosterone, where conversion in the liver to the sulfate inactivates the drug and makes it more readily excreted in the bile (and again, enterohepatic recycling can occur. )SummaryEnzymes are necessary to activate esterified steroids (the drug is inactive as long as the ester group remains present) and are necessary to deactivate steroids or to make them more water soluble and more readily excreted.
Side effects of anabolic steroids
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