| Mechanical Injury - "Force or mechanical energy is that which changes the staate of rest or uniform motin of matter. When a force applied to any part of the body results in a harmful disturbance in function and or structure, a mechanical injury is said to have been sustained." Injuries related to sports participation can be caused by external forces directed on the body or can occur internally within the body. Types of Load (outside force or forces acting on tissue) - Tension; the force that pulls or stretches tissue. - Stretching; beyond the yield point leads to rupturing of soft tissue or fracturing of a bone. - Compression; a force that crushes tissue. - Shearing; a force that moves across the parallel organization of the tissue. - Bending; a force on a horizaontal beam or bone that places stresses within the structure, causing it to bend or strain. Soft-tissue Trauma |
| Primary Tissue Skin Muscle/Tendon |
| Condition Blister Bruise Laceration Avulsion Puncture Contusion Strain Myositis/Fasciitis Tendinitis/tenosynovitis Bursitis Ectopic calcification - myositis ossificans, calcific tendinitis |
| Type Acute Acute Chronic |
| Mechanical Forces Rubbing/friction Compression/contusion Tearing Tearing/ripping Penetrating Compression Tension Tension/shearing Tension Compression/tension Compression/tension |
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| Skin Injuries - Friction Blister ;Continuous rubbing over the surface of the skin causes a collection of fluid below or within the epidermal layer. - Abrasion ;The skin is scapred against a rough surface. The epidermis and dermis are worn away, exposing numerous blood capillaries. - Skin Bruise ;When a blow compresses or cruskes the skin surface and produces bleeding under the skin. - Laceration ;A wound in which the flesh has been irregularly torn. - Skin Avulsion ;Skin is torn by the same mechanism as a laceration to the extent that tissue is completely ripped from its cource is an avulsion injury. - Incision ;The skin has been sharply cut. - Puncture Wound ;Penetrations of the skin by a sharp object. Skeletal Muscle Injuries - Contusion ;A wound caused by a severe compression force. - Strain ;A wound caused by severe tension force. - Myositis/fasciitis ;An inflammation of muscle tissue (fibrositis or connective tissue). - Tendinitis ;Inflammation of tendon-muscle attachments, tendons, or both. (repeated microtraumas and degenerative changes). - Tenosynovitis ;Inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon. - Ectopic calcification ;A muscle that directly overlies a bone. (The quadriceps region of the thigh and the brachial muscle of the arm) - Atrophy ;The wasting away of muscle tissue. - Contracture ;An abnormal shortening of muscle tissue in which there is a great deal of resistance to passive stretch. |
| Synovial Joint Trauma |
| Primary Tissue Capsule Articular cartilage (hyline) |
| Condition Sprain Dislocation/subluxation Synovial swelling Capsulitis Synovitis Bursitis Osteochondrosis Traumatic arthritis |
| Type Acute Chronic Chronic |
| Mechanical Forces Tension/compression Tension/compresson/shearing Compression/shearing |
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| - Sprain ;Severe stress, stretch, or tear of soft tissues such as joint capsule, ligament, tendon, or muscle. - Acute synovitis ;The msynovial membrane of a joint can be acutely injured by a contusion or a sprain. - Subluxations ;An incomplete or partial dislocation that often involves secondary trauma to surrounding soft tissue. - Dislocations ;Displacement of a part, usually the bony partners within a joint. - Diastasis ;A disjointing of two bones parallel to one another, such as the radius and ulna. ; The rupture of a "solid" joint, such as the symphysis pubis. ; A diastasis commonly occurs with a fracture. - Osteochondrosis ;Degenerative changes in the ossifican centers of the epiphyses of bones, especially during periods of rapid growth in childer. - Traumatic arthritis ;Inflammation of the structures of a joint. (the result of repeated microtraumas) - Bursitis ;Inflammation of a bursa (fluid-filled sac). (the result of overuse) - Capsulitis ;Inflammation of a capsule - Synovitis ;Inflammation of a synovium. Skeletal Trauma - Periostitis - Acute bone fractures - Depressed fracture - Greenstick fracture - Impacted fracture - Longitudinal fracture - Oblique fracture - Serrated fracture - Spinal fracture - Transverse fracture - Comminuted fracture - Contrecoup fracture - Clowout fracture - Avulsion fracture - Stress fracture |
| Injuries |