Updated 23 September 2005

ABBREVIATIONS

ab = abbreviation, aj = adjective, av = adverb
cj = conjunction, lw = loanword, n = noun, v = verb
vi = intransitive verb, vt = transitive verb

NOTE: This is a very rough draft, only partially edited. Revision is ongoing until completion.

??also: ma
??bet, damage, hurt, harm, risk, chance: tav
??forearm: hizig
??fort; prison; pen: harg
??hip: hizig
abandonment: viberht
abase: nedrake
abbreviation: mirgvakej
ability: moht
able: moge
abrasion: fobrid
abrupt: edmirgu
abuse: tuzburke
abuse: vregkove
abuse: vregkud
abyss: bundvag
acclimatization: ungakej
accomplished: ebi; abi
according to: sevend
accumulates: bingne
accurate: sindbanend
accusative marker: tha; than or thav before vowels
accustom: ungake
achieved: ebi; abi
across: fi thergi
across: thergu, therev, thirv; thereg
adhere: beklije; begeze
adhering (n): begest; beklid
adhesive (aj): begesti
adjacent: ulegend
adjectival: unombani
adjective (n): unomban
adjust: dugake
adjustment: ungakej
adverb (n): uhurdban
adverbial temporal suffix: tu
advocacy: dilkud
advocate: (n) dilkovend; (v) dilkove
affection: rinod
affectionate: ridi
affiliated: honkindi
affix (v): bedive
affix(ation): bedift
after: aban
afterknowledge: abankond; abanknod
aftersight: abantirht
afterthought: abanmind
afterword: abankud
again: an; an- (prefix)
against: red, ret
age: (vt) senegake; (vi) senegne (wine, men)
agency: dilurht
agent: dilurkend
aggressive: begundi
ago: andi; ro
ago: ro nuk; ojun (past)
aimless: tigvag
air force: evenhori
air: even
air-dry: evensuzak (-thorzak)
airless: evenvag
airmail: evenpost
airman: evengundag
airy: evni
alive: kiv
all: solu
all-day: tintolg
allness: solvast
alone: hev; hevel
along: fi tilhti
alter: (vt) aljake
alteration: aljakej
always: solutu
amaze: smijake
ambiguous: tokudmin, -i
amnesia: smirdvagast
among: u medgi
amplify: dunmeglake; meglake
amuse: bav
amuse: smijake
amuse: vritake
amusement: vrist
amusing: vristi; vritakend
ancient: edseneg
and others: i.a.
and: i
anechoic: andunvag
anhydrous: utenvag
animal: guri
animate: ankivake; kivake
ankle: hamb
anniversary: vedztin
annual: vedzi
answer: (n) bekud; (v) bekove
anthropologist: nervistag
anthropology: nervist; antropologja
antique (v): senegake
anyone: inf. a’jahi; ahiahi
apathy: hadvagast
appeal: bav
appearance: bast; terzen
appetite: etund; otund
apple: apel; apol
apportion: merzta
approach: (v) atne; atned
approach: bekume
appropriate: duhti
appropriateness: duht
approximate: romedri
April: Tomenez; Avril
argument: tingugund “tongue-fight”
arm: bag; omez
army: gundaz; hori
around: meb/parrival: bekund
arrive: bekume
arson: okendest
artificial respiration: anakej
as: sem; rimvag sem steren
ascend: bregne; utstige
ascent: utid
ascent: utstiht
ash tree: ozen
ash(es): dever
ask: ferge.
assemble: homake
assemble: honkume
assembly: eklez
assembly: honkund
assembly: ker
assembly: kird
assimilate: (vt) somake; (vi) somne
astronomy: astronomja; sterenvist
atheism: urdvagast
atheist: trudvag
athwart: fi thergi
attach: bedive
attack: (n) begund; (v) begune
attainment of desire: hadeft
attainment: aft, eft
attempt: saht
attract: betuge
attraction: betuht
audacity: dirst
audience: ludker
augmentation: okakej
August: Avgust; Sezmenez
autonomous: svivalsti
autumn: ezun
autumnal: ezuni
available: ulogi
awake: bude
babble: lale
back: lind; orz; rung
backstep: abangrede
backwards and forwards: bev aban i be ro
backwards: fant
bad deed: vregur (vreg+ hur)
bad: vreg
badness: vregast
bag: belg, bolg
bake: feve
balance: redkrunast
balancing: belg; bolg
ball: klom
band: list
bar: grond
barb: klog
barber: bardag
bare (v): bozake
bat: ovmuz “bird-mouse”
bathroom: nifthod
battle: gund
bay: hulab, holab
be accustomed, in habit of v-ing: unge
be appropriate: duge
be born again: ankene
be born: kene
be fit: duge
be named: nombere
be proper: duge
be warm: thebe
beam: grond
bean: bab
beard: bard
become bitter: mortne
become distinct: eremne
become satisfied: sadne
become separate: eremne
become silent: thuzne
become sour: mortne
become successful: spirne
become tender: miltne
become thirsty: suzne
become warm: thebne
become/get hungry: kuragne
becomes blue, blues: moderne
becomes green: glorne
becomes strong: aberne
becomes yellow: glorne
bed: logen
bedroom: sufthod
beech: bak
beef: ku-miz, -rov
beer: alu
before now: ro nuk
before: ro; andi
beggar: evets; evend
begin: hene
beginner: henend
beginning: hend
behind: aban
being named: nombird
belief: trud
belief: urd
believe: bide
believe: dez tha rot
believe: trove; vere
believing: trud; urd
bellicose: venmindi
beloved: ri
bench: setel
bend (n): bug
bend (n): lenk
bend (v): buge
bend (v): lenke
bend away: fonive
bending: buht
bestial: guri
between: u medgi
bewitched: kidfast
beyond: et, ed-
bicycle: torod; tohugel
big: megen; megel
bigamous: tokunmin, -i
bigoted: truddivun
bilingual: totingvi
bind: like
biology: gurvist; biologja; kivodvist
birch: berk; berek
bird: (chirping) spink
bird: ftil. hand-/noht-/uten-; ov
birth: kind
birthday: kindtin
bite: krez
bite: tange
black: surt; nohtsurt
blacken: surtake (vt); surtne (vi)
blackness: surtast
blameless: tustvag
bless: mirkove
blessing: mirkud
blind: dunt
blind: heg
blind: hegake (vt)
blindness: hegast
blood: ezen
bloodless: ezenvag
bloodred: ezenruder
bloody: ezni
bloom: dal
bloom: izande
blue, become; dark (a bruise, etc): slivne
blue: moder; liv; sliv
bodily: hurbi
body: hurb
boil: berv/bruje
boiling: brud
bold: derzu
boldness: dirst
bone (a fish): izostake
bone: ost
bony: osti
border: brem; berem
border: list
border: merek
boring: smivag
bottom: buden; bund
bottomless: bundvag
bow (n): bug
bow (v): buge
bowing: buht
bowl: huri
box: hist
brain: mezg
branch: durk(el)
bread: fov; fevem
bread: lef
break open: fadenbranke
break: berenk; branke
break: druze
breakfast: ejenmiz; ermiz; rommiz
breakfast: formet
breath: and
breath: duz
breathe: ane; duze
breathless: duzvag; andvag
brevity: mirgvast
brick: ladreg
bright: fordbai
bright: huber
bring back: ankumake
bring down: hitake
bring down: rujake
bring near: atak
bring out: iskumake
bring up to date: nukake
bring: bebere
bring: kumake
bringing: bebird
brother: brad
brow: bru
brown, become: brunne
brown: brunake (vt); brun (aj)
build: theze; thehte
bull: thor
bullheaded: thorhergi
burden: beroje, berake
burden: bron
burden: enez
burdening: berakej
burdensome: enezi
burn: dev
burn: ede
burn: inde
burning: inst
bus: bas (lw)
busy: gerzlon
but: meg
butcher: rovag
butter: imv
butter: smirz
butter: smorz
buy out: lenfole
buy: fole
buy: hirne
buy: rene
buying: fold
buying: hirne; rind; rend
buying: hirnod
buzz: drene
bystander: ulog
cacophony: tuzdun
cake: fov; fevem
call away: fokove
call off: fokove
call out: iskove
call: guje
calling away: fokud
calling: gud
callous: rotvag
can: moge
candid: bozroti; rotboz; rotnogun
candor: mindbozast
capacious: spar
car: kar (lw)
careful: romindi
carnal: romindi
carnivorous: rovetend
carrot: gelnurt; gelenurt
carry away: fobere
carry out: izbere
carry: bere
carry: vege
carrying: bird
cartwright: vognag
castrate: foorgake
cause to breathe: anake
cause to embark: nonavake
cause to grow: okake
cause to incarnate: nohurbake
cause: ake
cavalry(man). evgundaz; egugundag
celebrate: brat
century: vedzhind
chair: setel
change (n): mivakej
change st: mivake
change: mift
change: mive
changeless: nemivend
chatter: lale
chauffeur: sjofer (lw)
chef: fevend
chemistry: kemija; kemika
chest: hist
chew: keve
chief: hereg
child: thegem
childlike, -ish: thegmi
chill: kelake
China: Sjin (var. sp. Xin)
Chinese language: Sjintingu; xintingu
Chinese person: xinag; Sjinag
choir: handker
choke: dud; doft; dove
choke: holg
choking: dud
choose: kuze
Christ: Krist
Christmas: Kristkind
Church: eklez
cinema: sinema
circle: hurge
circular: hugli
circumstance: meblog
clangor: tuzdun
class: klas (lw)
clean: fun
cleanse: funake
cleansing: fonift
clear (of weather): skirne
clear: skir
clearness: skirast
climb up: utstige
climb: stige
climb: utstiht
cloak: fold
close: lude
closing: lust
clothed: vestmin
clothing: vest
cloud: migel
cloud: nebez
clouded: nebezi/min
cloudy: migli
clump: klom
clumsy: lurt
coarse meal: grut
coat: falt
coat: fold
coffee: kafe (lw)
cognate: honkindi
cohere: honklije; hongeze
coherence: honklid; hongest
cohesion: honklid; hongest
coition: jeft
coitor: job
cold: kel
collaborate: homurke
collaboration: homurht
collapse: niruje
collect: leke
collection: leht
colloquium: honkud
color: fi(n)ge; fink
color: finke
colored: fikil
colorless: finkvag
come into focus: skirne
come out: iskume
come: kume
coming: kund
commensurate: sommedri
common knowledge: sonkond
companion: honsotag
compare: hommeje
comparison: hommed
compel: hurake
complete: hele
completely: len
completion, without: heldvag
completion: held
composing: hondest
compress: honthute
compression: honthust
concave: nobugend
conceal: hust; hude
concealment: hust
concentrate: minddive
concentration: minddift
concern: surgake (vt)
concern: surht
concierge: lavag
condemn: vregkove
condemnation: vregkud
conjoined: honjuhti (a style of writing prepositions with noun as one word)
conquer: lensege
consensus: sonkond
consequence: seft
conspicuous: edskuni
constrictive: angusti
contemporary: nuki
contiguity (learned borrowing?): sembest
contra-: red, ret
contract: hontuge
contraction: hontuht
contradict: redkove
contradiction: redkud
convene: honkume
convention: honkund
conversation: honkud
converse: honkove
convert: trovake
convince: trovake
cook (: chef): fevend
cook: feve
cooked: fov
cooking: feft
cooperate: homurke
cooperation: homurht
copy: tovake
cordial: rotmin
corn: kran
corporeal: hurbi
corpse: nov
corrupt: vregake
cost: roje
count: rime
counterforce: redvi; redstad
counterweight: redkrunast
cover: fom
cover: hust; hude
cover: steke
covering: skud
covering: steht
cow: kov; ku
cowardly: rotfu
crackle: brakse
craftsman: urkemag
cram: barve
crawl: serbe
crooked: vange
crooked: vreg
crookedness: vregast
cross: there
crossing: fird
crossing: for; ford; third
crow: hiriv; horov
cruel: rotvag
cup (e.g., the hands): fodlake
cup: fodel
curing: svendakej
current: nuki
curse: vregkove
curse: vregkud
curtness: borvast
custom: sved
custom: ung
customary: svedi
customary: ungi
cut: sev
daily: tini
Danish language: Dansktingu/Dantingu
Danish person: Danmarkag
dare: derze
daring: dirst
dark: hiv
dark: liv; sliv
dark: surt
dark: themezi
darken s.t.: hivake
darken: hivne
darkness: erev; revez
darkness: hivast
darkness: surtast
darkness: themez
daughter: duvder
daughter-in-law: nuz; kemer; snuz
dawn: fordbai; baj
dawn: uzer
dawn: uzer; rombai
dawn: uzerne, uzrake; uzre
day: tin
day-long: tintolg
dead: mord
dear-, soft-, mildness: milast
dear: mil
dear: ri
dear: ri; har (used as salutation)
death: mird
debilitate: vimogake
debilitation: vimoht
debt: tilht
decade: vedzteg(im)
decapitate: foheregake
deceitful: totingvi
deceive: druze
December: Tegmenez
Deceptive: ogilugend
decide: kuze
deep freeze: gimrust
deer: heru/herve
defend: fogune
defense: fogund
defensible: bergduj
defensive: birhti
defer (to): fostaje
defer: fostajake
deflect: fobuge
deflect: fonive
deflection: fobuht
dehydrated: edsuzakun
dejected: rotkrun
dejection: rotkrunast
delay: abanake
delight: smijake
democracy: thudvalst
democratic: thudvalsti
Denmark: Danmark
depress: nithute
depressed: krunroti
depression: nithust
deprivation: girakej; girast
deprive: girake
derision: nivrist
desert: vast
desire: had
desire: haje
desire: ham
desire: luft
desire: und
desire: une
desireless: hadvag
desist: fostaje
despise: vibalte
despondent: krunroti
destabilize: vistirake
destined: udun
destruction: vihurunje
detaching: viklid; vigest
detachment: hadvagast
determined: uldfast
devastate: nokunake
devotion: trudgurmast
devout. V. thurtrudi: paltrudi
devout: trudgurm
devout: truddivun
devout: trudfast
dew, wet: erz/erez
dialog: honkud
diameter: firmeder
die: dud; doft; dove
die: mere
diminish, become smaller, lesser: (vi) minune
diminish: (vt) minvake
dimness: revezi
dinner: tinmiz
dip: meske
direct: mindboz; banboz
direction: tig
dirt: mud
dirty, get: mudne
dirty: movi
dis-, un-: vi
disable: vimogake
disappear: vibaze
disappearance: vibast
disappointing. Undrujend; undrudi
disappointment: hadrud; undrud
disbelief: urdvagast
discerning: edtorgi
discernment: edtorg
disempower: vimogake
disempowerment:
disfavor: (v) tuzanze; (n) tuzanst
dish: huri
disinform: tuzkonake
disinformation: tuzkonakej
disjoin: vijunke
dislike: fik/g; fije
dislike: tuzrid; tuzrine
dispassion: hadvagast
dispassionate: hadvag
dispel: fohule
dispelling: fohuld
dispersed: edsperun
displace: videze; fodeze
displacement: fodest; videst
dissonance: fosund; fodund
distant: fosta(je)nd
distending: fothind
distinction: eremakej
distinguish: eremake
distract: fotuge
distraction: fotuht
distribute:
distribute: merzta
disuse: viburht
ditch: firg: rig
ditch: latag
dither: hengel
divide: fotije
divide: merzak
divide: tije
divine: tevi; tivi
division: tid
divorce: visnube
divorce: visnuft
dock: (n) navstadal
doctor: medikinag; doktor
doing: hurd
dominate: urvale
dominion: urvalst
door: dur
doorman: durag; lavag
double: to(v)ne
double: tovake
doubt: (n) vijurd; (v) vijure
doubtful: vijurdmin
down: ni; niz; ned
dowry: snufttar
drain away: fosruje
drain: fosruvake
drain: latag
draw in: notuge
drawing in: notuht
dream: subni
dress: veze
drink: (v) srebe; (n) sreft
drinkable: foduj
drought: suzast
drowning: utenmird
drunk (not necessarily alcoholic): fod
drunk: heglon (dead-drunk, “blind-full”)
dry up/out: lensuzne
dry, become: suzne
dry, become: thorzne
dry: (vt) suzake; thorzake; (vi) suzne
dry: suz
dryness: suzast
dull: (vt) duntake
dull: didvag
dull: dunt
duplicate: to(v)ne
duplicate: tovake
during: fi tilhti
dust: (n) molm; (v) fomolme
dusty: molmi
dwell: heve; veze
dying: dud
eagle: hobuk (?)
eagle: orin
ear: uz
early: eri
earth: gumal
east: voz
eat: ete
eating: est
echo: (v) andune; (n) ansund
echoless: andunvag
edge: brem; berem
edge: griz
edge: merek
edible: etduj
egg: uj
eight: oht
eighteen: tegoht; tegimoht
eighth: ohtod; ohtov
elastic: lastiki
electric: lektriki
electricity: lektrik
electronic: (abbrev) el-
electronic: elektroni (lw)
eleven: tegmen: tegimen
elongation: tolgakej
eloquence: blozban
eloquent: tingumel “tonguesweet”
email: elpost; elbrev
embark: nonave
embarkation: nonfat; nonud
embitter: surake
embody: nohurbel
embolden: (vt) derzake
embrace: mebbage
emigrate: fomereke
employ: urkdeze; urkake
empower: mogake
empowering: mogakej
emptiness: vagast
emptiness: vanast
emptiness: vilonast
empty: (vt) luzake
empty: vag; van; luz
empty: vilonak
empty: vilonne
enable: mogake
enabling: mogakej
enamor: lubake
enchanted: kidfast
enclosure: gord
end: held
endear: lubake
endear: rijake
ending successfully: heldspir
endless: heldvag
engender: kenake
engineer: enzjenir
England: Engelmerek
English language: Engeltingu
English person: Engelag
English: Engeli
enjoy: therbe
enjoyment: thirft
enough: nange be-: nag/nange
enough: sad
enter: nokume
entering: nokund
entire: solu
entirety: solvast
entrance: dur
entrenched: logfast
entry: nokund
epilog: abankud
equal: sommedri
equalize: somake
equally + adj: son-
equally heavy: sonkruni
equally important: sonkruni
equilibrium: sonkrunast
erase: fobeze
eraser: foboz
erasure: fobest
erect: utirake
errant: tigvag
esteem: anst
esteem: anze
estimate: romeder
estimated: romedri
et cetera: i.a.
Eugene: Evgen
Europe: evropa
European: evropa(j)i, evropi
Evening: erev; erku/ereku. V. revez
evening: erev; revez
everyone: soluhi
everything: soluhun
everywhere: soluhuz
evil (n): vregast
evil, do: vregure
evildoer: vregurend
evoke: iskove
exceeding: edgrest
excess: edmeder
excessive: edmedri
exchange: tabe
exclaim: iskove
excuse: (vt) vituz(ak)e
excusing: vitust
exhale: izane
exhaling: izand
exile s.o.: fomerekake
exist: buje
existence: bud
exit: iskume
exiting: iskund
expedite: mozake
experience: enjoyment
experience: therbe
experienced: thirfti
export: izbere
export: izbird
express: iskove
extinction of desire: hadkest
extinguish: keze
extinguishing: kest
extract: istuge
extraction: istuht
extractor: istugel
eye: ov; ogi
face: terzen
fall: druze
fall: hite; ruje; (n) rud
falling: hist
falling: rud
false: hut
fame: levez: luvez
fame: lurast
famous: lur
famous: luvezi
fanatic: truddivun
far: fosta(je)nd
far: id
fast: brizu
fasten: fastake
fat: thu(n)g
fated: udun
father: adar. Naze Adar “Our Father”
fatten: (vt) thugake
favor: anst
favor: anze
fear: (v) age; bije; (n) aht; agi
feather: fedzen
February: Hevror; Tegintomenez, Tegtomenez
feed: alme; ale
feeding: almed
fell: hitake
fell: rujake
fellow traveler: honsotag
female: kuni
feminine: kuni; (abbrev) k.
fence: hadar
ferment: berv/bruje
ferment: iz; jeze
fermentation: jest
fermenting: brud
fetch: ankumake
fetch: bebere
fetch: kumake
field: ajr
fiery: okni
fifteen: tekfengi; tegimfengi
fifty: fenktegim; fengitegim
fight: gune; redgune
fill: barve
fill: lonake
film: film (lw)
film: sinema
fine-seeming: bastmir; mirbasti
finish: (vt) helake
finish: hele
fire: oken; dez tha ___ (be ___): oken
fireplace: az
first: fird; rom
first: form; ford
firstborn: romkenun
fist: fuk (?): fug
fitness: duht
fitting: duhti
five: fengi
fix: (make fast) fastake
fix: dive
fixed: divun; fast
fixing: dift
flatten: ladake
flatten: ladne
flattery: blozban
flesh: rov; miz
fleshly: romindi
flight: (on foot) beht
flight: fed
flighty: bukel
floor: thelen
flow off: fosruje
flow: srud; srum
flow: sruje
flower out: izand
flower: (pr. name) Anid
flower: bloz
flower: boli
flower: dal
flowering: izanst
flowery, -ed: anidmin
fly: fede
follow: seve
follower: sovi
following: sevend
food: alem
fool: trud
foolhardy: tuzderzend
foot: fot
for: dil
ford: fird
foreign: alirekni
foreknowledge: rokond, roknod
foreknowledge: rovist
forementioned: rovrejun
forename: ronom
foresee: roterge
foresee: rovite
foresight: rotirht; rotorg
foresight: rovist
forest: tiruhed; hed
foretell: rokove
forethought: romind
forget: vismere
forgetting: vismird
forgive: (vt) vituz(ak)e
forgiveness: vitust
fork: durk(el)
form: thur
formless: thurvag
forty: hedurtegim
foundation: timbot
four: hedur; hudur
fourteen: tegedur; tegimhedur
fourth: hedurd
fragrant: miroti
France: Frans (lw)
frank: bozroti; rotboz; rotnogun
frank: mindboz
frank: mindboz; banboz
frankness: mindbozast
free: luder
freedom: ludrast
freewilled: ludruldi, ludrulend
freeze through, up: lenruze
freeze up, completely freeze: edruze
freeze: ruzak
freeze: ruze
freezing: frost
French language: Franstingu
French person: Fransag
fresh: (air) melevni
Friday: Hengitin
fridge: kelhist
friend: (lit., one who uses a ronom) ronomag; ronomend
friend: har (used in salutations like dear, cher, etc.)
friendly: rotmin
frighten: agake; bijake
frighten: therzake
frightening, fearful: bim
frightening: agakej
frost: rust
frosty: rusti
full, become: lonne
full: lon
fullness: lonast
fully: len
fumigate: dumake
funny: vritakend
furrow: firg; rig
gape: gine
gas, petrol, benzene: benzin
gas: gaz (lw)
gather: homake
gather: kere
gather: leke
gathering: ker
gathering: kird
gathering: leht
gear: tindhugel
genre: zjanre (lw)
German language: Doitstingu
German person: Doits(land)ag
Germany: Doitsland/Doitsmerek
get: ankumake
gift: tar/n
give back: antaje
give birth: kenake
give word: banta be-
give. tit, tan: taje
glob: klom
glove: gerzskud; falmskud
gluttonous: edesti
go. je: eje
god: tev; tiv
godlike: tevi; tivi
gone: ojun vedz “last year”; ojun
good: mir; rob
goose: ganz
gossip: lukud
gossiper: lukovag
grain: kran
grasp: fag/fange
grasp: nogerze
grasping: nogerst
gravity: krunast
gray: dumar/dumbre
gray: hazan
gray: hiv
grayness: hivast
grease: imv
grease: smirz
grease: smorz
grease: solb
greasy: solbi
great: -og: augm. sfx
green, become: gelenne (leaves)
green: glor
green: glor; gelen
group: grup: lw
grow: auk/uke; oke
growth. uhst/ust: uht
gruffness: borvast
guess: romeder
guest: gost
gulf: hulab, holab
gurgle: holg
habit: sved
habit: ung
habitual: svedi
habitual: ungi
hack: holg
hail: gled
hail: gled; o glede “it’s hailing”; (var.) gelde
hale: valan
half: ered
hand: falm
hand: gerz
handicraft: gerzurht
hand-made: gerzhurun
handwork: gerzurht
handy: ulogi
harbor: (n) navstadal
harmonize: dugake
harvest: ozne
hasten: breze
hate: fik/g; fije
have one's fill: sadne
have prescience: rokikne, roknoje
having other tongues: tingvali
hawk: hobuk ?
hawk: orin
he: e; o
he: o; e
head: hereg
healer: svendakag
healing: svendakej
health: svendast
health: valnast
healthy: svend
healthy: valan
heap: (n) bing
heap: (v) bingake
hear tell: lukove
hearing: lud
hearsay: lukud
heart: rot
hearth: az
heartless: rotvag
heat sth/sb: gurmake
heat: gurmast
heathen: trudvag
heathen: trudvag: urdvag
heaven: tevumbez
heaviness: krunast
heavy: krun
heavyhearted: rotkrun
heavyheartedness: rotkrunast
heel: ferzen
heighten: bregake
help: (n) nad
help: (v) ta tha-nad; naje
her: sove; sve
herpetology: serbvist
hesitate: hengel
high, become: bregne
high, make: bregake
high: bregu; breg
hill: holen
hindsight: abankond; abanknod
hip: lun
hire: (v) mizde; (n) mizd
his: sove; sve
history: istorja
hold: : fag/fange
hold: dere
hold: derge
holding: (n) dirht
holdings: gaft
hollow: huzdi
holy: huber
holy: jaki; janki
honey: medu
honeyed: medur
hope: une
horn: heren
horse: ev
horse: ev; egu
hospitable: gostridi
hospitality: gostrid
hotel: otel (lw)
hour: or. What hour? hun or
hovercraft: evennav
hum: drene
human: neri
humiliate: nedrake
humming: drend, drind
hundred: hind
hunger: etund. et/ot + un: otund
hunger: kuragast
hungry: otundi; kurag
hurry sth: brizvake
hurry: breze
hurry: mozake
I: men; (nominative ev in older lit.)
ice. kolod; kolor; ruzem
identical: edsom
idle: nurk
if we had time; lit., with time to us: hom vil (be naz): expr
ignite: dez tha oken; okendeze
ignorance: nekond
ignorant: nekondi
ill-begotten: tuzkenakun
ill-made: tuzhurun
ill-nourished: tuzalun
ill-seeming: tuzbasti
ill-shaped: tuzthuri
ill-timed: tuzvili: vregvili
ill-use: tuznute
Illusionary: ogilugend
image: abantirht
imagination: novist
imagine: novite
immaculate: smedvag
immigrate: nomereke
immortal: mirdvag
immortality: mirdvagast
immovable: divun; fast
immutability, changelessness: miftvagast
immutable: miftvag
impaled, stuck on a spear, spitted: jedelfast
impermanence: umindvagast
implicate, involve, weave in: novebe
implication, involvement: noveft
import, settle s.o., colonize: nomerekake
import: nobere
import: nobird
important: sonkruni
impress, imprint, push in, indent: nothute
impression, imprint, indentation: nothust
improve, ammeliorate: robake
improve, become better: mirne
improve, get better: robne
improve, make good: mirake
improvement: mirnunje
improving, improvement: mirakej
in order to: dil
in the forementioned place: u rovrejun stad
in. beno, izno: noinanimate, lifeless: kivodvag
incarnate: nohurbel
include. Solvak thamen no vazi grup.: solvake
incomparable, without comparison: hommedvag
incorporeal, insubstantial, bodiless: hurbvag
incorporeal, non-physical: nehurbi
increase (v): okakej
increase, add, supplement: bedeze
increase, grow: moine
independence: svistad
Indo-european: indevropa(j)i:
infantry(man): fotgundag
inferior, low, base: nedri
inferior: nedenstanend
inferiority: nednast
infix: nodift
infix: nodive
inflate: nobleje
inflation: nobled
inflow. nosrud: nosrum
inflow: nosruje
inform: kiknake
inform: konake
information-: konakej
informed, knowledgable: kondmin
infuse, pour in: nogute
infusing, pouring in: nogust
inhere: noklije
inhering, sticking: noklid
inhibit, retain, control: nofage
inhibition, retention, control: nofaht
initiate: henake
initiation: henakej
injure: druze
injury: (n) drust
inopportune. tuzvili: vregvili
inquisitive, interrogatory: fergi
inquisitive, interrogatory: firhti
insert, implant: nodeze
insertion: nodest
insight, inner view: nospog
insight, introspection: notirht
insincere: papirroti
inspiration: vadakej
inspire: vadake
inspired, poet, mad: vad
intelligence, perception. dirvost: dirust
intelligent, perceptive: diru
interest (v): betuge
interim. u medegvil: meanwhile: medegvil
interlanguage: medegtingu
intermediate, neutral: medegstanend
international. -morki: medegmerki
into: benintoxicate, satiate with drink: fonake
intoxication: fonast
introduce, bring in: nokumake
introduction: nokumakej
introspection. notirht: nospeht
invertebrate: ostvag
involuntary, unintentional: uldvag
it: e; o
it: o; e
its: sove; sve
jacket: falt
jaded, disgusted with excess: edsad
January. Janvar: Tegenmenez
January: Janvar
Japan: Nihon
Japanese language: Nihontingu
Japanese person: Nihonag
jester: trud
Jesus: Jezu
join, yoke: junk/juke
joint, link: jukem
joint: hamb
joke, tease: glun
journey: iden
juice, liquid: juz
juice, liquid: sul
juice, sap, pus: gul
juicy, liquid: suli
juicy, sappy: guli
July: Hengimenez
July: Juli
June: Hedurmenez
June: Jun
key: lav
kidney. v. negur: never
kidney. Var. never: negur
kind, race, kindred: kenez
kind: zjanre (lw)
kindred (by blood): somezni
kingdom, country: reken
kingdom: reki
kiss. v. elpe/elft: bas
kiss: base
kiss: elpe
kissing: elft
kitchen: fefthod
knead: manke
knee. kenv/knu: kemv
kneel: kemvdeze
knife: skoi
know before: rokikne, roknoje
know. kinke, kone: kikne
know. kikne: kone
knowledge, knowing: kond
knowledge: kiknod
labor, work: urht
lack, fault, blame. toze: tuze
lack, fault, blame: tust
lack, fault, blame: tuz
lack, want: eve
lack: vagast
lacking: (noun)-vag
lake: eger
lamb: aun
lamp, lantern: lamp: lw/n
lamplighter: luznag
land: gumal
language growth: tinguvizukje
language making, conlanging. V. tinguhurd: tingudiht
language making, conlanging: tinguhurd
language, tongue: tingu
large: -og: augm. sfx
last night: giznoht
lasting, long-lived: evi
late: soju
lateral, half-, semi-: eredi
lateral: labi
laugh, make: vritake
laugh, smile; be surprised, wonder: smi
laugh: vrite
laughable: vristi
laughter: vrist
launch, fire, shoot, send off: hije
launch, put to flight: fedake
launching (plane): fedakej
laundry: nifthod
lay st: legake
leader of thud: thudhereg
leader: hereg
leaf: boli
leaf-fall, autumn: bolirud
lean, rest on + ur, fi, u, etc: li(ne)
leave (from); remain: live
leave defenseless, abandon: viberge
leave, abandon, yield, give up: limv
length. V. tolgast: tolgod
length. tolgod: tolgast
lengthen, become longer: tolgne
lengthen: tolgake
less, small: minu
lest, that not: the neliar: lugag
liberate: ludrake
liberation: ludrakej
liberty: ludrast
lick: linge
lie (down): lege
lie around, be adjacent to (+ be?): meblege
lie down, recline: nilege
lie, deceive: luge
life: kivod
lifeless: ezenvag
lift, raise?: thel
lift. V. thel: thole
lifting, raising? V. thel: thild
lifting. V. thild: thold
light as air: evenlengu
light, lamp: luzne
light: lengu
lighten so/sth: lenguvake
lightness: lengust
like, love: rije, rine
like, similar, equal(ly): som
like: sem. rimvag sem steren
like-minded, thinking: sommindi
lingual: tingvi
linguist: tinguvistag
linguistics: tinguvist
liquid, watery: voti
liquid: vot
liquify: votake
listen, hear: luje
little by little, piece by piece: dol i dolliturgy: tevhand
liver. yegun: igun
load: beroje; berake
local: dozi
log, beam: holt
long life. aiv ev-: ev
long, as: sontolg
long: tolg
longlived aju + i. -evi: tolgaivi
longlived: tolgevi
look after, behind, reflect: abanterge
look, regard: spege
look, V: terge
look: terzen
louse: luz
lousy: luzi
love (n): rinod
love, affection. Var. rinod: rid
love, desire: lube
love: luft
loving (adj): ridi
lumberjack, treecutter: tervhitakag
lunar, monthly: menodi
lung: vem
machine. Var. maxin: masjin: lw/n
magazine, journal: zjurnal: lw/n
magnify: meglake
mailbox: posthist
make blue, darken: slivake
make disappear: vibazake
make flow, set flowing: sruvake
make healthy, heal: svendake
make heavy: krunake
make hungry: kuragake
make into a verb: hurdbanak
make last, make persist, cause to remain: tunake
make late, delay, procrastinate: sojvake
make music: semve
make pale: blinake
make proud: korake
make sound, ring st: sunake
make sour, embitter: mortake
make successful: spirake
make sweat: svitake
make, do. hurne: hure
making hungry: kuragakej
making pale: blinakej
making, shaping: diht
making: hurd
male, masculine ( neri): n.: ab/aj
male: neri
malefactor: vregurend
malevolent: tuzunend
man, person, human: ner
man: mord
manifest, make appear: bazake
manliness, virtus, virility: nird
manual control: gerznofag
manuscript, handwriting: gerzskrift
many. menge: fel
many/much meneg, fel: menge
March: Enmenez
March: Mars
marital love: snuftrid
marriage: snuft
marriage-gift: snufttar
marrow: mezg
marry a couple: snubake
marry: snube
martial: veni
mast: navmast
mate: job
mathematics. V. matematika: rimvist
mathematics. V. rimvist: matematika: lw/n
matins, morningsong: ejenhand
matter, problem, concern (coll.). nen hiz “no problem”: hiz
Matthew: Matei
May: Maj
May: Thirmenez
me: tha-men
mean-spirited: rotfu
meanwhile: u medegvil:
measure: meder
measure: meje
measure: met
measure: metez
measured: medri
measureless: metvag
measurement: med
meat, raw. V. miz: rov
meat: rov; miz
meatless, vegetarian: mizvag
meaty: rovi
mediate, negotiate: medegkove
medic, doctor: medik(inag): lw/n
memorial: smirdstal
memory, remembrance: smird
menstruation: menodezen
metal. aiz: ez
metallic: ezi
midday, noon: tinmedeg
middle. (u) medgi: medeg
midgrade, intermediate. gredmedeg: medeggredi
midnight: nohtmedeg: n, av
mild: mil
mind, month, thought: menz
misconstrue, receive ill, ill-accept: tusteg
misemploy: tuzurke
mishap, accident: tuzurd
misshapen ??: tuzukun
misshapen: tuzthuri
mist: migel
misty: migli
misuse: tuzburke
misuse: tuznust
mix. Blend: miske
mixed, blended: misker
mnemonic, reminder: smereme
mock, deride: nivrite
mockery: nivrist
moderate, measured. metsi: metezi
modern: nuki
modernize: nukake
moment, hour. V. vil: hil
momentary, hourly: hili
Monday: Entin
monogamous: ensnubi
monogamy: ensnubast
monotheism: entivast
monotheistic: entivi
month/moon. menod: menez
monthly: men(e)zi
monthly: menezi
moon: menod
more; moi ruder redder: moimorning;tomorrow: ejen
morphology: banthurvist
morsel: krez
mortal, deadly, fatal: mirdi
mortal: mord
mortar : murbiz
moth, insect: hander
mother: mader
mount: stige
mount: utstige
mountain: fergun
mountain: holen
mountaineer: fergunag
mountainous, hilly: holni
mouse: muz
mouth: oz
movie: film (lw)
multiply: menegake
music: semv
musician: semvag
my: men
my;mine: meve
nail, claw: nogl
naked, bare. nogun: boz
naked, bare: nokun
naked, make: bozake
nakedness: nokunast
name (Alexander): Alzan
name of this language. Thod: Thosk
name s.o./s.t.: nomdeze
name. bere/deze tha –: nom
name: Aleks
name: Ana
name: Jermi
name: Josef
name: Jovan
name: Katrin
name: Kristof
name: Marje
name: Martin
name: Mihel
name: Mite
name: Roze
name: Sare
name: Tomas
nameless: nomvag
naming: nomdest
narrow, tight: angu
narrow-minded, stingy, petty: mindfu
natal, birth-: kindi
National People's Union Reken-: Morkthudenakej
navel, hub: nobal
navel. V. nobal: ombe
navy: navhori
near, approximate: at
near, by, at: unearness, proximity: atast
neighboring, nearby, adjacent: usetend
neonatal, newborn: nujkindi
nephew, brother's son: bradbir
nephew, niece, bradbir: neft
nest: nist
net. V. red: thendel
net: mosk
never: netunew: nuj
new, become: nujne
newlywed: nujsnufti
newspaper: gazet: lw/n
night: noht
nightlong: nohttolge
nine: emven
nineteen;tegemven: tegimemven
ninety: emventegim
ninge. bend/bow: ni(n)ve
nipple, nozzle, spigot: spen
no, not one; nen hiz “no problem”; ne + en “not one”: nen
no, not: nenocturnal: nohtbudend
noisy: edduni
nominal: nombani
nominalize: nombanak
north (wind). Hur: hever
North America: Hevramerika
northeast. V. hevervoz: hurvoz
northeast. Vozhever: hevervoz
northwest. hevruger: huruger
northwest. ugerhever: hevruger
nose: naz
nostalgic, reminiscent: gizmindi
notice, mark, regard: skove
noticeable: skuni
noun: nomban
nourish: ale
November: Embenmenez
now: nuknumber: rim
numberless, countless: rimvag
nurse: thegemag
oblivion: vismird
oblivious: didvag
obscene, vulgar: vregozi
obscure: (vt) duntake
obscure: dunt
obscure: nebze
obscured: nebezi/min
obscurity, blindness: duntast
obscurity: nepst/nefst
obvious: edskuni
occident: ugermerek
occupied: gerzlon
occupy, besiege: mebsete
October: Ohtmenez
odorless, unscented: otvag
of birds, avian: ovi
of good speech/words. banmir: mirbani
of;possess. Particle: gooff, away: fooff-flow, drain issrum: fosrum
often: mengetuoil ?: olve:
oil: imv
oil: smirz
oil: solb
oily: solbi
old, become: (wine, men): senegne
old: seneg
omnipotence: solumeht
omniscience: solukond
on befi. isfi: fionce, one time: entuone: en
on behalf of: dil
one's own. sove, svo-: svi
onion, garlic: remuz
onto: befiopen: fadake
open, wide, spread: fande
open: bozroti; rotboz; rotnogun
open: faden
open: fadne
open: mindboz
openhearted. V. rotboz: bozroti
oppose, put against: reddeze
opposition: reddest
or: ve: c
oral: ozi
orient, eastland: vozmerek
original form: fordthur
ornithology. V. ovvist: ornitologja
ornithology: ovvist
orphan, bereave of parents: orbak
orphan, bereft: orb
orthodox: trudfast
other, V. ani: ali
out of: is/zoven, stove: gurn, gorn
over, above. V: urovercoat: urfalt
overcook: edfeve
overeating, gluttony: edest
overflow (from pouring). edgust: edgut
overflow (from pouring): edgute
overflow (from): edsruje
overflow, flood: edsrud
overproud, arrogant: edkor
overrule: urvale
oversee, supervise: urterge
overstep, exceed: edgrede
over-trusting: edbidend
over-used, exhausted, used up: ednutun
overview: urspog
overwork, overtime: edurht
owe, ought to, should: tilge
own, possess: ige
pagan: trudvag
pale, become: blinne
pale: blin
pale: ezenvag
pale: hazan
palm: falm
paper: papir: lw/n
paradise: tevumbez
parched, very dry: edsuz
parent in law: svegur
parry: fobuge
parrying: fobuht
part, portion: merez
part, portion: merz
part, separate: merze
partial: doli
partial: merezi
parting, separation: mirst
partition: merzak
partridge: thedru
passion, fervor: rotgurmast
passionate, fervent: rotgurm
passionless, hopeless: undvag
past tense suffix: vpasture, uncultivated field: lind
past: ojun vedz “last year”; ojun
paternal, fatherly: fadri
path, way: sot
pathless, aimless, lost: sotvag
patient. : mon
pay: (v) mizde; (n) mizd
peel: klub
peep, chirp: kike
peg, tooth: komb
peg: razd
pen: hadar
people, clan: thud
perceive, discern: edterge
perceive: dije
percent. seft hinddol 7%: hinddol
perceptible, intelligible: diduj
perception, understanding: did
perception: edtorg
perceptive, understanding: didi
perceptive: edtorgi
perf. act. part. suffix: vizpermafrost: edrust
permanence: umind
Phil(ip): Filip
phrase: bangrup
physical attraction, sex appeal: hurbtug
piece, part: dol
piece: krez
pierce, puncture (with teeth): firtande
pierce, puncture: firthike
piercing, puncturing: firthiht
pig. V. svin: su
pig. s. su-: for(o)g
pig. su: svin
pile: (n) bing
pile: (v) bingake
piles up: bingne
pious: trudfast
pitch, tar: ked
place, position. < deze: doz
place, position: log
place, put: deze
place, standing: stad
placeholder, placebo, substitute: stadfange/-derge/-gambe
placing, putting: dest
plain, flatland: ladal
plan: romene
planned: romindi
play: lit
player: litiz
playful: liti
pleasant: thirfti
pleasure: enjoyment
plow: arder
plow: are
pocket, pouch: bust
point out, show: tige
point, sharp: thik
point, thorn: ag
point: klog
pointed, thorny: agi
pole, rod: mast
populous: thudmenge
pork: svinmiz
portable: berduj
portage: bird
portage: therbird
Portugal: Portugal
Portuguese language: Portugaltingu
Portuguese person: Portugalag
possession: gaft
possessive, territorial, etc.: igu
possibility: mognast
possible: mogen
post, mail service: post
posterity, anteriority: abanast
postponement, deferment: abandest
postpose: abanake
pot, jug: ozel:
potable, drinkable: fo/fiduj
potable: foduj
pour out: izgute
pour, cast (foundry): gut
pour: gute
pouring out: izgust
pouring: gust
powder: molme
powdery: molmi
power, rule, authority: valst
power: moht
powerless, unable: mohtvag
praise, exaggerate: meker
praise: mirkove
praise: mirkud
precious, over-dear: edridi
precious: edri
prefabricate. rotheze: rothehte
prefabricated: rothehtun
premature, early-born: erikenun
prepose, put before: rodeze
preposing, give priority: rodest
prescience: rovist
press out, squeeze out: issuje
press out. V. stut: isthute
press, constrain: ange
press: suve/suje
pressing out, expel: isthust
pressing out, extrusion: issud
pressing: sud
pretend: thonkake
preview: rospog
price, fixed: divunroi; fastroi
price, high: edroi
price: roj
priceless: rojvag
prime (of life): izanst
prix-fixe: divunroi; fastroi
problem: hender
proclamation: gud
profane: vibalte
prominent: bregu; breg
pronoun: dilnom
propensity, tendency: beleb
prophecy, foretelling: rokud
prophet, foreteller: rokovag
prosperity, success: sped
prosperous, successful: spedi
protect, defend: berge
protect, feed: faje
protection, defense: birht
protective: birhti
protrude: grize
protrusion. V. rogrist: grist
protrusion: rogrist
proud, noble: tigen
proud: kor
pull toward: betuge
pull, draw, appeal: tuge
punch, jab, poke: fuge
purchase: hirnod
pure, chaste: lunt
pure: fun
purification: funakej
purify: funake
purity, cleanness: funast
push down: nithute
push, press V. stut, thunt: thute
put after, postpone, defer: abandeze
put aside: fostajake
put out (fire, etc.): keze
put to flight: bevake
put together, compose: hondeze
question mark: firhtkonem
question: firht
question: firht, forog, ferged; ferge
quick, violent: hiber
quickness, violence: hibrast
quiet, become: thagne
rabbit: hazan
racial, genetic, natal: kenezi
radiance, brilliance, shine: orv
radiance, glory: ervod
radiant, brilliant, shining: orvi
radiant: huber
radiate, beam: erve
radical, root-: urti
rain: suve
raise. V. utirak: irake
raise: ale
raise: utirake
ransom, pay debt, redeem: vitilge
ransom, redeeming: vitilht
rash: mazar
ravine, chasm: gil
reach, achievement, accomplishment: ab
reach, attain (to) + be. V. ab, abi: ebe
reach, obtain: abe
reach: nange be-: nag/nange
reaching: aft, eft
reappearance: ambast
rearing, nourishment: ald
rebel: redgune
rebellion, resistance: redgund
rebirth, Renaissance: ankind
receive, accept: tege
recent, yesterday-: gizi
receptive, accepting: tegel: a
recognition: ankond
recognize (var. form: ankone
reconsider, rethink: anmene
reconsideration: anmind
red: ruder
redden (intr): ruderne
redden (tr): rudrake
Redeemer: Vitilgag
reduce, minimize: fuvake
reduction, minimization: fuvakej
reek, stink: tuzdume
refer to, indicate: betige
refill: anlonake
reflect, consider: abanmene
reflect: antiv:
reflect: redtiv
reflection: abanmind
reflection: abantorg
refrigerator, freezer. “freeze box.” kel-/rust-hist: ruzhist
refuse: fohule
refusing: fohuld
regard: anst
regard: anze
regenerate, give birth again: ankenake
regroup: angrupak
rejoice: kave
rejoicing, proud: kavri
rejuvenate. anivenak; ivnak: ivenake
rejuvenate. anju(ve)nak: aniv(e)nake
rejuvenation: anivnakej
related, relative: bender
relation, consanguinity: someznast
release, emit, eject: selke
release, loose: vider(g)e
release: vidird, -dirht
release: vifage
release: vifaht
release: vigaft
release: vigambe
religion: trud
religious, pious: trudi
remain, persist, last: tun
remain. Umne: umene
remake, redo: anhure
remaking, redoing: anhurd
remember: smere
remind: smerake
remorse: abantaht
remorseful: abantahti
remorseless: abantahtvag
removal, deportation: fobird
removal: fobor
removal: foveht
remove st, withdraw it: abangredake
remove, carry off/away: fovege
remove, distance: idake
remove: fobere
renew. V. nujak tr: annujake
renewal: annujakej
renounce. vi-kuz, -lek: vikove
renovate, renew. V. annujak: nujake
renunciation: vikud
repay: antaje
repayment: antad
repeal: fokove
repeat (old form: anjake
repeat, reiterate: ankove
repel. resthute, retstut: redthute
repel: fothute
repetition. V. anjakej: anjakej
repetition: ankud
repetitious: ankudi
replace, reposition: andeze
replacement, repositioning: andest
reply (n): bekud
reply: bekove
report: levez: luvez
representation: dilurht
representative: dilurkend
repulsion: fothust
repulsion: redthust
repute: levez: luvez
reshow, reappear: ambaze
reside: heve; veze
resist, oppose: redstaje
resist: redgune
resistance: redstad; redstam
resolute, determined; obsessed: mindfast
resolute. V. rotdivun: minddifti, -divun
resolute. V. minddivun: rotdivun, -difti
resolute: uldfast
resound: (v) andune; (n) ansund
respond: banta be-; bekove
response: bekud; bantad
rest, quiet: huj
rest, take respite, take a break: huje
resurrection: anird
retain: firgambe
retention: firgaft
retreat, withdrawal: abangrest
retreat: abangrede
return, restoration: nest
return, restore. V. ankume: neze
return: ankume
return: ankund
return: antad
return: antaje
reuse: annust
reuse: annute
reveal, unhide: vihude
revelation, unhiding: vihust
reverberation, resounding, echo: andund
reverent, worshipful: balsti
reverse: fantake
reversed: fant
review (periodical): anspoge
review, re-examination: antorg
review, re-examine: anterge
review, report; torg+u+ kov: torgukud
review/reexamine. Anterge, spog: anvite
review: anspege
reviewer: anspegag
reviewing: anspeht
reviewing: antirht
revile: vibalte
reviling, despising: vibalst
revival: ankivakej
revive tr: ankivake
revive: ankivake; kivake
reward: (v) mizde; (n) mizd
ridge: rung
right, south. tezen, tesken: tejzen
ring: hurg
ring: hurge
rip, tear. tird: tere
ripe: fov
rise again, resurrect: anire
rise, go up: uteje
rise, stand up: utstaje
rise, standing up, levitation: utstad
rise: bregne
rise: ire
rising: ird
rising: utid
risk: derze
river: dan
roar, yell, bellow: ruk
roar, yell, bellow: ruke
roar: brem
roar: breme
roar: brom
rock: harzag
rod, pole: gast
roof. thok: stok
roof. V. stok: thok
room, chamber. Also hor.: hod
roomy: spar
root, vegetable. V. gelenurt: urt
rootless, insubstantial: urtvag
rootlessness: urtvagast
rope off: mebreske
rope, cord: resk
rot: fudne
rotary: hugli
rotten: fud
rottenness. v. fudast: fust
rottenness: fudast, fust
routine, habitual, automatic: sotfast
rub away: fobeze
rub, scrape: brije
rubber; elastic: lastik
rubbing off: fobrid
rubbing, scraping: brid
ruin, collapse: nirud
rule, country: vald
rule, stretch: reke
ruler, leader: dapar
rumble, thunder, groan: stene
rumble: grom
rumor: lukud
rumormonger: lukovag
rump: orz
run, flee: buke
run: beve
runner: bevend
running: beht
Russia: Rusja
Russian language: Rustingu
Russian: Rusjag
sack, belly: belg
sack: belg, bolg
sailor, navy officer: navgundag
sailor: navaku, navakag
salt: salen
salty, saline: salni
sand, powder. s. bez: biz
sand: grut
sandpaper: fobridpapir
sated: sad
satiated, drunk: fon
satisfied: sad
satisfy, satiate. V. fodak: sadake
Saturday: Sestin
say, speak. uv (: ub/umbe
say, tell, speak, narrate: vreje
saying, speaking: uft
scatter, strew. ster: straje
scatter. stird: stere
scatter: strije
scatter: struje
scattering: strid
scattering: strud
schism, separation: fotid
scientist: vistag
scorn: (v) tuzanze; (n) tuzanst
scout, advance guard: rohori
scrape off, abrade: fobrije
scraper: bridal
scratch, carve, dig: krebe
scratching, digging: kreft
scribe, copyist: skrivend
sea, lake: mor
sea-bird: morov
sea-gull. (rel. Engl. sea-mew): mov
second, other: ani
second. tovd. V. ani: tod
secret: muster
seduce: lubake
see, know. V. terge: vite
see, look at; abbrev. for vite: v: ab/v
seed, child, progeny?: sil
seed, semen: sem
seed: kran
seeing, science, -ology: vist
seeing. terged/m; torog: tirht
seem, appear?: istig?: ?vi
seem: thonke
seeming. thoht: thonht
seethe: berv/bruje
seething: brud
seige, occupation: mebsest
self love: sviluft
self rule, autonomy: svivalst
self: sove; sve
self-conscious, vain: bastmindi
self-control: svinofag
sell out: lenfole
sell: fole
selling: fold
send out: iskumake
separable, divisible: erduj
separate, apart, distinct: erem
separate, divide: ere
separate, divide: vide
separate: foskije
separate: fotije
separate: merzak
separate: tije
separate: vijunke
separation, disjunction: vijuht
separation: foskid
September: Seftmenez
servant: theven
serve: theve
set a cost, price; charge: rojake
seven: seft(im)
seventeen;tekseft: tegimseft
seventh: seftind
seventy: sefttegim
sew: sive
sewing, seam, stitch: sivem
sewing: sivd/sift
sex, have: jebe
shade, shadow: skod
shadeless, unshadowed: skodvag
shadowy, insubstantial: skodi
shape, mold, knead. dig: dinge
shape: thur
shapechanger, magician, transformer: thurmivag
shapeless: thurvag
share: dolgambe
share: doltaje
sharing, distribution: doltad
sharing: dolgaft
sharp: skir
sharpen, clarify sth/sb: skirake
sharpen: thikake
sharpness: skirast
shatter: lenbranke
she: e; o
she: o; e
sheep: ov
shell: huri
shield: skud
shine: fordbai
shine: tive
ship, boat: nav
shipwreck: navbrank
shirt: heme
shoe, boot: fotskud
shoot? noun sork: serke
short: edmirgu
short: mirgu
shorten, abbreviate: mirgvake
shorten, become short: mirgune
shortening: mirgvakej
short-lived: mirgvaivi
shortness: mirgvast
shoulder: omez
show, appear: baze
showing the truth: sindbanend
showing, indication: tiht
sib in law. tever: tajur
side : lab
side, part: holb
side: ered
sign, symbol: konem
sign, underwrite: nedenskrive
signature, underwriting: nedenskrift
significant, symbolic: konemmin
silence sth/sb: thuzake
silence, hush: thagake
silence: thagast
silence: thust
silent, become: thagne
silent. thuz: thag
silent: thuz
silly, foolish, soft, effete: melev
silver, money. arken: arkan(d)
similar, apearing the same: sombasti
similar, make: somake
similarity: somast
sing: hane
sing: kai/kije
singer: hanag
sink: meske
sister: suzer
sit: sete
situational, positional: logi
six: sez
sixteen;teksez: tegimsez
sixth: sest
sixty: sestegim
skeleton: ostker
skirmish: rogund
sky. tiyoz: tivez
sleep: suft
sleep: sumbe
slime: luboz
slip, slide: slube
slippery, greasy: selber
slope, incline: hald
slope, incline: lid
small, little: fu
smallness, littleness: fuvast
smell otim. Ontru: onter
smell, odor, scent. ont(em): ot
smell. onte. cf smell & have odor: ote
smoke s.t.: dumake
smoke.V. fi/fo tha dum: dume
smoke: dum
smoke: fije (foje) tha dum
smoky: dumar/dumbre
snake: serb
snatch, steal: rebe
snatching, stealing: reft
snore. (nose): rong
snore. Var. rog: ronge
snort, sneeze: nuz
snort, sneeze: nuze
snow. snev, nev: snegu
so that, in order. V. dil: theso, then, therefore: de: c/i
soap: loder
soft, become: miltne
soft, pliable, flexible: lend
soft, tender: milt
soft: mil
soften, make pliant: lendake
soften: lendne
soften: miltake
solar, helio-, sunny: solni
some-, anyone: ahi: pn
some-, anything: ahun: pn
some-, anytime, ever: ahutu: adv
some-, anywhere: ahuz: adv
son in law: kemer
son: sun
son;child: bir
song, singing: hand
song. V. hand: kid
song: han
songbird: handov
sonless, without an heir: birvag
sonogram: dunskrift
soon: moz
sound. V. dune: sun
sound: dun
sound: dune
sounding: dund
sounding: sund
soundless: dunvag
sour, bitter: sur
sour, make: surake
sour/bitter/hurt: mort
south (alternative form): teskensoutheast. voztejzen: tejzenvoz
southwest. ugertejzen: tejznuger
sow, plant seed: seje
spacious: spar
spaciousness, roominess: sparast
Spain: Espanja
Spanish language: Espanjatingu
Spanish person: Espanjag
speak, say: kove
speak: banta be-
speak: baje
speak: bane
speaker: kovez
speaker: uve
speaking: bad
speaking: band
spear: Jedel
speech, talk: kud
speech, telling, saying: vred
speech: abankud
speechless: vredvag
speed, haste: brist
speedy, hasty: bristi
spine, back-bone: rungost
spineless: rungostvag
spirit: duz
spit, spew: spuje
spit. spum: spud
split, peel: klube
split, peeling: kluft
split: binde
splitting: binst
sponge: sump
spot, blemish: smed
spot, speckle: rib
spotless: smedvag
spotted, speckled: ribi
spotted: fikil
spouse: snumbe
spread out, flat: lad
spread, disperse: sperake
spread, extensive: spere
spread: edsperun
spread: ladake
spring, source: brur, brul
spring: vezen
sprout, thicket: brust
squeeze: krude
stabilize: stirake
stable. star: stir
stag: heru/herve
stall, standing place: stadal/m
stand st, put up, set up, place: stajake
stand up, arise. stand: staje
star, pentacle: hengag
star. rimvag sem steren: steren
stark naked: kindnogun
steal: lebe
steam, vapor. hub: hubez
steam: duz
steamy, vaporous: hubzi
stench, stink: vregot
step, grade: grede
step, rank: gred
stepping, ranking: grest
Steven: Stefan
stick s.t. out: grizake
stick to: begez; beklije
stick: dive
stick: geze
stick: klije
sticking: dift
sticking: gest
sticking: klid
stiff: kel
still, rest, quiet: rom
still: nurk
stingy: gerzfu
stinker: vregotag
stinking: vregoti
stocky, sturdy: hunt
stolid: thorhergi
stomach: belg; bolg
stone. hamen: hagal
stony: hagli
storm. v dur: buri
story: badel
storyteller, poet: badlag
straight, upright: erdu
straight, upright: sidu
straighten (intr): sidune
straighten (tr): sidvake
straighten. -ovak: erduvake
stranger: gost
streak, flash: blik
streak, flash: blike
stream: srud; srum
strength, standing power: stam
strength: abrast
strengthen so/sth. v. thurak, abrak: palake
strengthen, fortify tr: abrake
strengthening: abrakej
stretch away, distend: fothene
stretch tr. thene tha-hurb: thene
stretching: thind
strike, beat: boje
striking, beating: bod
strong. V. thur: pal
strong: aber
stuff: barve
stuffing: barft
stuffy: evenvag
stupid: evenmezgi
stupid: thorhergi
subjunctive particle; “let it be that (je).” : si (+je):
subordinate: nedengrede
subordinate: nedengredi
subordination: nedengrest
substitute, put for: dildeze
substitute: dilstajake
substitute: dilstaje
substitution: dildest
substitution: dilstad
substructure, foundation: nedenstad
succeed, follow: abankume
succeed, prosper: speje
success: spirast
successful: spir
succession, following: abankund
suck. V. also baby, child: dele
suffer, endure: brong
suffer: tuztherbe
suffering: tuztherft
suffix forming “gerundives”: duj: sfx
suffix, postposition: abandift
suffix, put after, postpone/pose: abandive
suggest, imply: menake
summer, heat: gurmod
summon: iskove
summoning, evocation, exclamation: iskud
summons: gud
sun: solen
Sunday. See tevumbeztin: Sefttin
Sunday. V. Sefttin: tevumbeztin
sun-dried: solenthorzakun
sunrise, dawn: solenird
sunwarmth: solentheft
superficial: papirroti
superior power: urmoht
superior: urstanend
superiority: urast
superordinate, step over: urgrede
superordinate, superior: urgredi
superordination: urgrest
superpose, put above: urdeze
superposition: urdest
supervision: urtirht
supervision: urtorg
supper (dinner): erevmiz
support, prop, stay: derdel
support: (n) dirht
support: dere
support: dird
surprise, shock. Var. xok: sjok
surprise: smijake
surround: hurge
surroundings: meblog
surroundings: ulog
survival, afterlife: abankivod
survival: edkivod
survive: edkive
survivor: abankivend
swallow (bird): erevov
swallow: (v) srebe; (n) sreft
swallow: golge
swamp, bog: humb
swamp: selez
swampy: selezi
swan: ganz
swear, hurt: bolv
sweat off, away: fosvite
sweat: svite
sweating off: fosvist
Sweden: Sverige
Swedish language: Svensktingu/Svertingu
Swedish person: Sverigag
sweet one: Mele
sweet sap, syrup: melgul
sweet. V. mel: sut
sweet: medu
sweet: medur
sweet: mel
sweeten sth/sb: melake
sweeten: sutake
swell, blow: bleje
swelling, pride: bled
swelling, pride: blem
swim(ming): snad
swim: snaje
synonymous: sonnomi
take offensive: begune
take pride in + be: koje
take, hold, carry: gambe/gabe
tall, high: ord: a
tangent: besti
tangibility: bezrast
tangible, palpable: bezer
tangible: bezduj
taste, choice, selection, decision: kust
taste. cf taste and have flavor: smek
taste: kuze
tasteless: smekvag
teach, learn: taze, tanze
teaching, instruction, lesson: tast
tear, cry: tager
tear, cry: tagre
tearing: tird
technical: tekniki: lw/aj
telegraph: idskrift
temporal, timely: vili
tempt: prove
temptation.: proft
ten. also, tej: tegim
tenacious: begesti
tenacity: begest
tend (to), prefer: belebe
tending, preferring: beleft
tensile, stretching, elastic: thindi
tenth: tegind
terrify: therzake
testicle: org
thank: kurne
thanks (pl.). kurne: kurde
that: o
thatcher: stokag
thaw s.t.: viruzake
thaw: virust
thaw: viruze
theft: left
theology: tivvist
these: ene
thick, dense: bangu
thicken. bangvak: banguvake
thicken: bangune
thickening: banguvakej
thief, robber: lob
thin (hair, woods): spalne
thin s.t. (soup, etc.): spalake
thin so/sth: renkelake
thin, diffuse, tenuous; dense. spag, span: spal
thin. rikel: renkel
thin: renkelne
thing: rei
think: mene
thinness, diffuseness: spalast
thinness: renkelast
third: third
thirsty: suz
thirteen;tekthir: tegimthir
thirty: thirtegim
this: e
those: one
thought: mind
thoughtful, pensive: mindmin
thoughtless, spontaneous: mindvag
thoughtlessness: mindvagast
thousand: a thousand thanks: gezel kurde, kurne
thousand: gezel
thousandth: gezeld
thread: sivder
three: thir
through: firthrough/connecting path: firsot
throw: kule
throwing: kuld
Thursday: Hedurtin
tick: mit
tickle: kit
tie, bind: bende
tie: like
tie: net/note
tighten, become tense, narrow; constrict: angune
tighten, narrow tr: anguvake
tightening, constriction: anguvakej
tightness, narrowness: angust/angvast
time measurement, timing: vilmed
time, clock: vilmeje
time. V. also hil: vil
timeless, atemporal: vilvag
timelessness: vilvagast
timid: bukel
tire sth/sb: lantake
tired: lant/lat
today;this day: etin
together, with: homtomorrow night (colloquial): abannoht
tongued: tingumin
tonight;this night: enoht
too small, miniscule, minute: edfu
tool, instrument: urkem
tooth: tind
toothed: tindmin
top, crest: hir
topple: rujake
torch dau: tav
touch, rub: beze
touching, rubbing: best
touching: best
toward, to: betrack <: fesev
traction, pull, draw, appeal: tuht
trade, exchange: taft
trade: tabe
transform: aljake
transformation, shapechanging: thurmift
transient, impermanent: umindvag
transit: thereje
transit: therid
transition: mift
translatability: therumbdujast
translate: therkove
translate: therumbe
translation: therkud
translation: theruft
translator: therkovag
translator: therumbag
transliterate, “cross-sound”: thersune
transliteration: thersund
transnational, cross-country: theregmorki
transnational; var. theregmorki: thermereki
transparency: firbast
transport, ferry: therbere
transport: vege
transportation V. ber-: veht
travel, journey: idne
traveller, wanderer: idenag, idnag
tree-, arboreal: tervi
tree: bak
tree: terv
tribute, pension: vedzarkend
true, real: sed
true. V. sed: sindi
trust: bide
trustful, believing: bisti
trusting (n): bist
truth: sind
try (n): saht
try (v): sake
try, attempt: sake
tsunami, great wave -og sfx: untog
Tuesday: Totin
tundra: vast
Turkey: Turkije
Turkish language: Turktingu
Turkish person: Turkijag
turn up (volume, intensity, etc.): dunmeglake
turn, become, happen: urde
turn: hule
turning, becoming: urst
turtle: gluz
twelve;tekto: tegimto
twenty. Totegim: ugend
twice: totutwin: sonkindi
twilight: erev; revez
twilight: revezi
two faced, deceitful: toterzni
two. to: to(v)
two-named, binomial: tonomi
two-wheeled: torodi
ultra-: et-
unaccomplished, untried, novice, amateur: abvag
unalert: didvag
unassisted, forlorn: nadvag
unbow, unbend. V. nive: vininge
unbuild, demolish, destroy: vithehte
unclothed, naked: vestvag
uncover. fostek: visteke
under, beneath: nedenunderstand: gelme
undertaker: mordaz ??
undivided, whole, integer: tidvag
undress. V. fovez: viveze
undress. V. viveze: foveze
undressing: fovest
undressing: vivest
unemployed: urkvag
unfriendly, curt, gruff: borv
uninteresting: smivag
unite, unify: enake
United Nations; E.M.: Enakun Merke
uniting, unification: enakej
unity, oneness: enast
unless: gir
unmake, destroy: vihure
unmaking, destruction: vihurd
unoccupied: nurk
unpaired, odd (number): nejuk
unstick, detach: vigeze
unstick, detach: viklije
unsticking: vigest; viklid
unstretch, unstring (bow): vithene
unstretching, unstringing: vithind
unstuffy: melevni; “sweet-aired”
untie: vinote
until now, yet, still: be nukuntying: vinost
untrue: hut
unusual, extraordinary: foungi
unyielding: logfast
up: uturge, stir, move: gije
urging: gid
urinate, defecate: minge
urination, defecation: miht
usability, utility: nutdujast
usable, useful: nusti
usable, utile: burkduj
usable, utile: nutduj
use a forename with; be acquainted with (person): ronome
use, enjoy. s nut: burke
use: burk
use: nust
use: nut
use: nute
useful: burki
useless: burkvag
useless: nutvag
using, enjoying: burht
usual: ungi
V. (abbrev): t.
V. milt: molt/miltu
V. mindfast: rotfast
vagina: huzd
vanish: vibaze
vapor: duz
vein: gizel?
ventilated: melevni
ventriloquism: bolgkud
ventriloquist: bolgkovend
verb: hurdban
verbalization: banakej
verbalize: banake
vernal, Spring-: vezni
vespers, evensong: erevhand
victorious: segezi
victory, winning: segez
view, look, sight: spog
vigor, youth: jeku
visibility: tergdujast
visible: tergduj
vocative particle of direct address, used with names: a
volcanic: okenholni
volcano: okenholan
voluntary, volitional, willed: uldi
voluntary: ludruldi, ludrulend
vulgar/obscene person: vregozag
wagon, cart. vogl/n: vogn
wake s.o: budake
waking: bust
wandering: tigvag
want: une
war: gund
war: ven
warm s.t.: thebake
warm, hot: gurm
warm: thebend
warmth: gurmast
warmth: theft
warrior, soldier: gundag
warship, battleship: gundnav
wash off, cleanse: fonive
wash: nive
washing: nift
water bearer, Aquarius: utenberag
water displacement (of a ship): utenfodest
water: uten
waterwheel: utenhugel/rod
watery: utni
wave, ripple: unt
wave, ripple: unte
wavy, ripply: unti
we, us. niz/naz. viz: nez: pn
weak, feeble: lesk
weak, tired: nev
weak: papirroti
weak: van
weaken, become empty: vanne
weaken, fatigue: nevake
weaken, tire, collapse: nevne
weaken: vanake
weakening, enervation: vanakej
weakness, fatigue, tiredness: nevast
weakness: vanast
wear: veze
weave: vebe
weaving: veft
Wednesday: Thirtin
week: seftnoht
weigh down, be heavy: krunne
weight: krunast
well, so, thus.: sa: int
well: (may it) go well; ej mir
well-formed, proportionate: mirthuri
well-made: mirhurun
well-named: sunomdezun
well-positioned, well-placed: mirdesti
well-positioned, well-placed: mirdezun
well-timed, opportune: mirvili
west: uger
wet: movi
what kind?: huli
what time is it: e bu hun or?
what: hun
whatever. inf. a’nahun.: ahunahun: pn
wheel of existence: budhugel
wheel, circle: hugel
wheel. V. hugel: rod
when: hutu: pn
whenever. inf. atatu: ahutahutu: adv
where: huz: pn
wherever. inf. a’zahuz: ahuzahuz: adv
while: fi tilhti
whine: drene
whining: drend, drind
white, dawn: fid
white: alb, aleb
whiten: albake
whiteness: albast
whitening: albakej
who: hi
whole: valan
wide. urve, urv: uru
widen: urune
widen: urvake
widower, orphan V. orb: vidu
width. urust: urvast
wild animal, beast: gur
wild pig, boar: eber
wild: guri
will, intend: ule
will, volition: uld
will: haje
win: sege
wind. vej: uju
window. oven: ogun
wine: vin
wing: fedzen
winter: gim
winterbound. -divun: gimfast
winterflower;name: Gimboli
winterstorm: gimburi/gimdur
wintry: gimer
wintry: gimi
wish: had
wish: haje
wish: ham
with: nut
withdraw: abangrede
without: gir
wolf: ulg
woman: kun
womanly: kuni
womb: kolb
wonderful!; lit., terrifying: therzakend: expr
wonderful: smidi
wood(en): trun: aj, n
woods: tiruhed; hed
word: ban
word-cache: vocabulary, etc: banhuzd
word-gentle: banmil
wordless, nonverbal: banvag
wordlessness: banvagast
wordnaked, direct, unadorned: bannogun
work on behalf of, serve as agent: dilurke
work, labor: urke
world: gumal
worry about: surge
worry: surgake (vt)
worry: surht
worsen, de-teriorate, -cline, -generate: vregne
worship, revere. blot/bolt: balte
worship: balst
wound, abscess: olgez
wren, chickadee: firli
write: skrive
writer, author: skrivag
writing: skrift
yawn: gine
year: vedz
yearly: vedzi
yellow: glor
yellow: glor; gelen
yes: ba
yesterday: giz(tin)
you (pl.): vaz
you (sing.): thu; -tho (with prepositions)
young love: mavrid
young person: mav
young, beardless, boy, adolescent: bardvag
young: iven
young: vedzlengu
your(s): theve
youth (: young-ness): ivnost; ivenast
youth (person): mav
youthful: vedzlengu
zeal: trudgurmast
zealous: trudgurm