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A Smart Antenna
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    The antenna works by steering a beam to each mobile user when it is  needed; the  antenna  also forms nulls in directions of strong interference.Both the  beams  on the wanted  user and the nulls on interference sources track moving sources.

Smart Antennas in CDMA

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1. Channel Modelling Considerations - Modelling the Received Signal

    
This is a simplified environment with two mobile stations

2. The Spatial Processing Rake Receiver

A Space-time RAKE receiver

    In this structure each RAKE finger used the adaptive antenna to reject multipath components that are uncorrelated with the component to which the finger is locked. At the same time, the weight vector for each finger is adjusted to take advantage of all correlated components which arrive with path delays of within one chip period of the path delay of the component to which the finger is locked.



    Antenna patterns using a three finger spatial filtering rake receiver receiving four components.The SOI's and interfering signals are shown as a function of Direction of Arrival (a-c), and time delay (d). This approach has been called the "2D RAKE filter" or a space-time RAKE receiver, because the receiver operates two separate sets of combiners in time and space. The receiver picks up the largest channel taps and selects the appropriate spatial filters in each case. The outputs from the spatial filter banks are then combined in a conventional RAKE filter.

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