INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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Principle of Laser
Atoms and  molecules have determinate energetic levels, which can be low or high. The low energetic levels can be excited at high levels, generally by heating. Once they reach the energetic superior levels,   they go back to the original state, they return energy in a light form.

Under normal conditions, the atoms proportion in low energetic levels in a body is bigger than that of the atoms that are found in superior levels, by this reason, any luminous beam that crosses a body loses energy, since part of its photons are absorbed when crossing.

In most cases the sources of ordinary light  which comes from atoms and excited molecules and the light emission is done in various wavelengths (and frequencies). But, if during the short instant an atom is excited, the atom is influenced by light of a certain wavelength, this atom can be stimulated to launch radiation that  is in phase with the wavelength that  has stimulated it.

The new emission increases, that is to say, amplifies, the wave. If the phenomenon can be multiplied, we arrive to the fact that the percentage of atoms with high energy levels will be superior to the percentage of atoms in normal state. This phenomenon is known as  population inversion.

Then, the resulting beam is a coherent light beam and it can be high-powered.

The possibility of stimulating the radiation   was already anticipated by A. Einstein in 1917, but the devices to build them were not created till the 50s. The American physicists A.Charles H. Townes and A. L.Schawlow demonstrated that these devices can be built using visible light. Two   Physicians from the ancient Soviet Union had also arrived  to identical results. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman in The USA, using a ruby bar. Since then  multiple types of lasers have been built.