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More About ISLAM |
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The Religion of Islam Introduction Prophets Qur'an Prophet of Islam Sunnah (practices) of the Prophet What is the Islamic Religion? Islamic Law (al-Shari'ah) The Spread of Islam Islam, Knowledge and Science The Attitude of the Qur'an and the Prophet toward Knowledge Integration of the Pre-Islamic Sciences Mathematical Sciences and Physics Astronomy Mathematics, Algebra Geometry Trigonometry Number Theory Physics, Balance, Projectile Motion, Optics Experimental Method Medical Sciences Pharmacology Natural History and Geography Botany, Zoology Geography Chemistry Technology Man and Nature Architecture Influence of Islamic Science and Learning Upon the West Islam In The Modern World Islam In The Modern World Aftermath of the Colonial Period Revival and Reassertation of Islam Education and Science in the Islamic World Islam A World Civilization General Characteristics of Islamic Civilization Global religion A Brief History of Islam, The Rightly Guided Caliphs The Caliphates North Africa and Spain Islamic History after the Mongol Invasion Ottoman Empire Persia India Malaysia and Indonesia Africa Frequently Asked Questions About Islam What is Islam? Who are the Muslims? What do Muslims believe? How does someone become a Muslim? What does 'Islam' mean? Why does Islam often seem strange? Do Islam and Christianity have different origins? What is the Ka'ba? Who is Muhammad? How did he become a prophet and a messenger of God? How did the spread of Islam affect the world? What is the Qur'an? What is the Qur'an about? Are there any other sacred sources? What are the 'Five Pillars' of Islam? Does Islam tolerate other beliefs? What do Muslims think about Jesus? Why is the family so important to Muslims? What about Muslim women? Can a Muslim have more than one wife? Is an Islamic marriage like a Christian marriage? How do Muslims treat the elderly? How do Muslims view death? What does Islam say about war? What about food? What is Islam's presence in the United States? How does Islam guarantee human rights ? What is the makeup of The Muslim World? Conclusion General Source:  The Alim for Windows Release 4.5 by: Shahid N. Shah |
In the field of physics the Muslims made contributions in especially three domains. The first was the measurement of specific weights of objects and the study of the balance following upon the work of Archimedes. In this domain the writings of al-Biruni and al-Khazini stand out. Secondly they criticized the Aristotelian theory of projectile motion and tried to quantify this type of motion. The critique of Ibn Sina, Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi, Ibn Bajjah and others led to the development of the idea of impetus and momentum and played an important role in the criticism of Aristotelian physics in the West up to the early writings of Galileo. Thirdly there is the field of optics in which the Islamic sciences produced in Ibn al-Haytham (the Latin Alhazen) who lived in the 11th century, the greatest student of optics between Ptolemy and Witelo. Ibn al-Haytham's main work on optics, the Kitah al-manazir, was also well known in the West as Thesaurus opticus. Ibn al-Haytham solved many optical problems, one of which is named after him, studied the property of lenses, discovered the camera obscura, explained correctly the process of vision, studied the structure of the eye, and explained for the first time why the sun and the moon appear larger on the horizon. His interest in optics was carried out two centuries later by Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi and Kamal al-Din al-Farisi. It was Qutb al-Din who gave the first correct explanation of the formation of the rainbow. |
