HISTORY
(more data)
Sorry, my English is very poor. The translation is automatic, my excuses for the errors. If some kind navigator wants to correct them and to send me the correction, he would thank it to him...
THE KING'S FIVE NAMES.
QUEENS AND PRINCESSES.
THE GOVERN AND ADMINISTRATION.
The King's five names.
The king had five names; these are:
Queens and Princesses of Khemi.
(Brief listing)
Most of the kings of Khemi, given its divine character, had to marry members of its own family (the only ones that were at its level in the earth), usually its sisters, although some case is given of engagements with mothers, daughters, nieces,... Of course, they had a harem with numerous secondary wives and concubines. Anything stranger should it turns in it; for this time, the strange thing has been the opposite.
Berenib. - Wife of Aha (I D.).
Heteferes. - Wife of Snofru, mother of Khufu. Buried near the Great Pyramid (IV D.).
Henutsen. - Wife of Khufu; their pyramid is built beside that of its husband.
Meresank. - Wife of Kefren (IV D.).
Kamerarnebty. - Wife of Kefren.
Kamerarnebty. - Daughter of the previous one; wife of Menkaura (IV D.).
Kamaat. - Daughter of Menkaura.
Jentkaues. - Their work was primordial for the peaceful step of IV o'clock to the V Dinastías; wife of Userkaf, mother of Neferirkara. Their tomb is the 4ª pyramid, or unconcluded.
Iput. - Daughter of Wenis (V D.), wife of Teti (I SAW D.).
Amtes. - Wife of Pepi I (I SAW D.). It seems that it was wrapped in a harem intrigue against their husband. Anything is known about their end.
Nitocris I. - Last king of I SAW it Dynasty. The serious disturbances that happen to Pepi's II death darken their brief reign.
Ashait. - it Handcuffs Real of Mentuhotep II, possibly of Punt (XI D.).
Dedyet. - it Handcuffs and sister of Amenemhat I (XII D.), the two of origin nubia; given its brother's necessity to marry with real blood, was never great wife of that.
Ahhotep. - Wife of Sequenenra II and mother of Ahmosis (founder of the XVIII D.). It is of the family that expelled to the hyksos.
Ahmose. - Wife of Tutmosis I; sister of Amenhotep I; mother of Hatshepsut (XVIII D.).
Hatshepsut. - Stepmother of Tutmosis III. This consented to the throne being boy, for that that Hatshepsut (or Maatkara) it acted like regent, with all the dignities that he/she had had as wife of Tutmosis II. In the 2º year of regency KING was crowned, supported by the clergy, the nobility and the scribes. It reigned during 20 years in an absolute way, leaving Tutmosis III in the shade. Their figure was " masculinizada " to legitimate its access to the throne. Their negligence of the frontiers in the Lebanon Mitanni ended in an increase of the power of the Kingdom. It is not known how Tutmosis recovered the throne (death or I demolish of the queen) but such its hate that destroyed its stepmother's statues, was it impeded its funeral in the Valley of the Kings (that was already prepared even being woman) and it built walls to cover the shafts of Hatshepsut.
Menwi. - Wife of Tutmosis III; of Syrian origin.
Mutemwega. - Princess of Mitanni. Wife of Tutmosis IV and mother of Amenhotep III.
Tiy.- Princess of Mitanni. It handcuffs, from girl, of Amenhotep III. He can that Ay was their brother. Mother of Amenhotep IV and grandmother (or mother, is not clear) of Smenkara and Tutankamon. Consultant of Amenhotep IV together with Nefertiti and Oh. It maintained great influence in their time, as it demonstrates it their personal correspondence with Tushratta, king of Mitanni, and the one of this with Akenaton. It was buried in the Valley of the Kings, in a camera of their husband's tomb.
Baketamon. - Daughter of Amenhotep III and of the queen Tiy. Sister of Akenaton.
Nefertiti. - Wife of Akenaton. It is identified with Tajudepa (princess of Mitanni). He/she had a very important paper in their husband's monotheistic heresy. It was 6 daughters' mother, two of them they were queens (Meritaton and Ankesenpaaton). In the year 12 of the reign of Akenaton he/she fell in misfortune. He/she has not been their body. Maybe the better known woman from the old Egypt (together with Cleopatra VIII) for the wonderful bust policromado that is conserved of her.
Meritaton. - When falling their mother in misfortune, you case with their father. To the death of Akenaton, Smenkhkara took it like wife to legitimate its access to the throne (XVIII D.).
Ankesenpaaton. - Wife of Tutankamon. It is believed that two fetuses of girls, buried in the Valley of the Kings, were their only descendant. To their husband's death, he/she requested to Shubbiluliumas, king of the Hititas that sent to one of their children like husband; the prince Zannanza was murdered during the trip (it is thought that for in favor of Horemheb) and the queen had to marry Governess that seems she was her maternal grandfather. Nothing else is known about her.
Tuya II. - Wife of Seti I. Madre of Ramses II (XIX D.). Buried in the Valley of the Queens in a sarcophagus of pink granite.
Nefertari. - it Handcuffs main of Ramses II (XIX D.). Buried in the Valley of the queens, their husband built him a near temple to his of Abu Simbel.
Maat Hornefrura. - Wife of Ramses II. Of origin hitita, their marriage sealed the alliance between Khemi and Hattusas.
Twosra. - it Handcuffs main of Seti II. The heir of both it seems that he/she died prematurely for that that, to their husband's death, it went up to the throne Siptah. Twosra acted like regent during the six years of reign of Siptah; to the death of this, it reigned during two years (XIX D.). With her the line of descendant of Ramses II disappears. It was buried in the Valley of the Kings. Their mummy was destroyed by Sethankhra (XX D.).
Tiy II. - Wife of Ramses III (XX D.). Implied in a conspiracy to overthrow their husband in his son's benefit (Papyrus of Turín); their end is ignored.
Evidently, this listing is very brief; the reason is the following one: I have wanted the queens and princesses to be that, personally, I consider of more importance. Many, or most, they will notice the lack of important characters, as Cleopatra VII; he/she is due to my belief in that their life is very well-known for all, and that unfortunately its ravings suppose the end of one of the most important civilizations in the man's development like such.
THE GOVERN AND ADMINISTRATION
Already from the Iª D., the Egyptian state was completely orderly and bureaucratized; the public necessities were of supreme importance during the whole history of Khemi. Beginning with the simple official writes and concluding for the Chancellor, all had their tasks and perfectly defined responsibilities.
The vertex of the absolute power is the King; of him they emanate the laws, the justice and the order. The king derives in people of whole trust and fidelity the high positions of the State; they are people that have traveled the administrative career from the beginning. This career begins like scribe, after arduous studies carried out in the temples from the childhood; by means of a Real Identification he/she is authorized to take the cane", symbol of the executive power. Then he/she spends to Real Regent", having to be able to on villages and small districts; later to Regent of the Castle and finally to Regent of the Great Castle", with being able to on cities and nomos (Greek word that corresponds to the Egyptian spat that mean division).
By means of the Real Ordinance, Udja, the high officials that form the Council of the Ten, true government advice are named. This is presided over by the Chancellor (that doesn't belong to the Council, it stops this way to separate the executive's administrative power), and they form it: Boss of the Real House; Director of the Troops (minister of the War); Director of the Police (minister of the Interior), divided in official and it secretes; Administrator of the Taxes (Treasury); Director of the King's Works (you Work Public); Governors of Opposite.
Each administrative district is governed by a Regent that sends periodic reports to its Ministry on made inportantes and suspicious people (already in the Iª D. an official exists with jurisdiction on people, not the earth, the adj mer).
The administrative organs have their headquarters in the King's House" that contains several ministries. The Chancellery coordinates all the activities and it is where the real correspondence is elaborated and where he/she is the File of State, the Real Stamp, etc., for which intends to the Director of the Real Writings." It is also in the Chancellery the Administration of the Taxes; this ministry carries out population's censuses, of livestock, the cadaster is institutionalized, they are carried out the calculations of agricultural production,... ; everything for the payment of the taxes. All transmission of property is properly registered and he/she goes accompanied by the corresponding Real Identification, to nisut that is the authentic title of property. The testaments are only legal when they are made before the scribe-notary, since it is this, with their signs", the one that certifies the authenticity of that written.
The Red House administers the agricultural production, mainly vitivinícola, dedicated to the offerings of the Real Cult.
The White House is the Ministry of the Treasure, and it is governed by a Imiro, superintendent (that whose name is in the mouth of its subordinates). The main section of this ministry is that of agriculture, in particular the Real Barns, where the taxes are stored. It corresponds to this ministry the coordination of the provisioning and the control of the markets.
The Administration of Justice was in charge of an authentic Supreme Tribunal of the State, in which the most important or delicate matters were examined, as the adultery inside the real harem (papyrus of Turín); in this case he/she is the own King who presides over the Tribunal, with being able to absolute to accept or non verdicts, hardships, reprieves, amnesty, ...
The King could also delegate in people of trust matters of the own real family, as it proves it the biography of I United, favorite of Pepi I, in charge of the process against the King's main wife. These cases demonstrate the strict observance of the Law at one time in the one that other monarchies or governments had ordered the wife's y/o accomplices death directly, without more (for not speaking of nearer facts in the time). Another fact documented in the one that we can see exists how the King delegates functions in people of his trust for special cases; such it is the case of the death of Ramsés III, due to a plot of Tiy II and several concubines of the real harem and the son of the first one, remote of the succession. Ramsés IV substituted several judges for corruption, and he/she ended up presiding over him same the tribunal; the process put an end to the death penalty for the accused, although three of them (among those that the excluded son of the throne was, they obtained the privilege of the suicide.
Each region has its local Tribunal; nevertheless, the important cases are remitted to superior instance. The death penalty is executed by means of the decapitación with an axe that runs guides between two, almost identical to the guillotine. The thieves of tombs found culprits are impaled.
The papyruses Leopoldo II, Mayer TO and B, Ambras and others conserved in the British Museum show us vividly a judicial process. The criminal was introduced in the Court of Justice, presided over by the Visir of the district and composed by officials of high range. The criminal pronounced the ritual oath of not missing the truth and the interrogation began. The contradictions, reticences,..., they were overcome to blow with a cane or by means of the torture, as twisting the ankles or dolls. Everything was put in writing by the vicarial scribe and, if it was known about accomplices, the criminal was put in isolation while it was interrogated those implied. The confrontation among criminals was used to undo contradictions and to increase reports and tests.
Summary of judicial process; papyrus nº 10.052; British Museum.
"Year I of the anniversaries (regal), fourth month of the summer, day five. In this day you proceeds to the exam of big criminals, thieves that have stolen in the Big Tombs..., on the part of the Prefect of Not and Visir Nebmaranakhat, of the Superintendent of the Real Treasure and Superintendent of the Granero Memmaranakht, of the Squire and Real Steward Paniamun, scribe of the King. I process verbal: the shepherd Bukhaaf of the possessions appears you would temper of Amón. The Visir he tells him: When you were in that matter for which God has chosen you and rushed in the King's hands, tell me, who were the other men that were with you in the Big Tumbas? He responds: For what refers to me, I am only a worker in the fields of the Temple of Amón. The rural Nesmur went where I was and he/she told me: All have found something to sell and to have bread, we go, so that you can eat in their company. I found trumpeter Perpethew, to the foreign Userhenakht belonging to the Prince of Not, the burners of incense Nesamón of the Temple of Amón, Ankhef-Jons of the Temple of Amón and Amenkhayu, the singer's son and caretaker of the tables of the offerings, Hori; six in total. Then each one took out ten they should of silver and me the dió; in total sixty should of silver.
It was examined with the cane (until) he said: Coarse, hablaré! The Visir told him: It counts the history of when you went to steal to the Big and Noble Tumbas. He said: It has been Pewer, a worker of the necropolis the one that indicated the queen's tomb Hebredjet. it was asked Him by the judges: In what state did you find the tomb? He said: I already found it open.
It was eamined again with the cane (until) he said: Coarse, hablaré! The Visir told him: It counts what there is hecho. He responds: I have taken out the interior sarcophagus of silver and the shroud of gold and silver, with the help of the men that you/they were with me, breaking and dividing among us the total.
They continue in the text the annotations with the names of the accomplices and the verbal records from the interrogations to the same ones. V. g.: The trumpeter Perpethew of the Temple of Amón is introduced. It pronounced the oath due to the Regent, saying: If I say something false that is mutilated and correspondent to Punt...
The verdict takes place when all the tests have been picked up and finished all the interrogations. More copies of the verbal records are made, dedicated to the local and central File. Each accused was entitled to defend and to present tests in his favor.
The hardships varied from the hard jail to the mutilations, blow with a cane, exile and, finally, the capital pain.
ICQ #9391677
Initial page of History.
To return to the page beginning.
Book of Visits.
News (news) in the Web of Ptah.
This page hosted by 
Get your own Free
Homepage