Lesson 7:
Numbers

Cardinals

Simple

The simple cardinals are as follows:

Nulo, unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, dek, cent, mil

Zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand

Compound

The simple cardinals may be combined to form other cardinals. Placing a smaller cardinal before a larger one indicates multiplication, while before a smaller cardinal after a larger one indicate addition.

Tricent okdek naŭmil tricent kvardek kvin

Three-hundred eighty-nine thousand three-hundred forty-five

As Nouns

Normally cardinals are used as adjectives, however, by adding an -o to them, they may be used as nouns. Numbers such as miliono ("million") and greater are always used as nouns. When used as nouns, the preposition da must preceed the enumerated noun.

Dek du ovoj, dekduo da ovoj

Twelve eggs, a dozen eggs

Kvar miliono

Four million

Derivatives

Ordinals

Ordinals are formed by adding the ending -a and function grammatically as adjectives.

Kvarcent-sesdek-dua aŭ 462a

Fourhundred-sixty-second or 462nd

Fractions

Fractions are formed by the suffix -on.

Tri dekonoj

Three tenths

Multiples

Multiples are formed by adding the suffix -obl, similar to our "-fold".

Kvarobla

Quadruple

Collectives

Collectives are formed by adding the suffix -op.

Duope

In pairs

Distributives

Distributives are indicated by the preposition po, meaning "at the rate of".

Li aĉetis por ĉiu infano po ses pomoj.

He brought six apples for each child.