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Lesson 9: |
| alie | otherwise |
| ankaŭ | also |
| aŭ | or |
| ĉar | because |
| ĉu | whether |
| kaj | and |
| ke | that |
| kvankam | although |
| se | if |
| sed | but |
| tiel | thus |
Ke as noted above means "that" as a subordinating conjunction. Unlike in English, this is never omitted in Esperanto. Also unlike English are the tenses that follow ke. In Esperanto, the tense that follows ke is the one that would be used by an observer in the timeframe of the tense given in the main clause. Note the differences in tense in the examples below.
Mi vidis, ke ŝi ploras.
I saw the she was crying.
Mi sciis, ke li venos.
I knew that he would come.
Mi sciis, ke li jam alvenis.
I knew that he had already arrived.
Li diris, ke se li estus tiel granda, kiel mi, li facile farus tion.
He said that if he were as tall as I, he would easily do that.