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Lesson 10: |
| Interrogative, Relative ki- which, what | Demonstrative ti- that | Indefinite i- any, some | Negative neni- no | Distributive ĉi- each, every | |
| Quality -a kind of | kia what kind of, what a | tia that kind of, such a | ia some kind of | nenia no kind of | ĉia every kind of, all kinds of |
| Reason -al reason | kial for what reason, why | tial for that reason, so | ial for some reason | nenial for no reason | ĉial for every reason |
| Time -am time | kiam at what time, when | tiam at that time, then | iam at some time | naniam at no time, never | ĉiam everytime, always |
| Location -e place | kie where | tie there | ie somewhere | nenie nowhere | ĉie everywhere |
| Manner -el way | kiel in what way, how | tiel in that way, thus | iel in some way, somehow | neniel in now way, nohow | ĉiel in every way |
| Direction -en direction | kien in which direction, to where | tien in that direction, to there | ien in some direction, to somewhere | nenien in no direction | ĉien in all directions |
| Possession -es one's | kies which one's, whose | ties that one's | ies someone's, somebody's | nenies no one's, nobody's | ĉies everyone's, everybody's |
| Object -o thing | kio what | tio that | io something | nenio nothing | ĉio everything |
| Quantity -om much, many | kiom how much, how many | tiom that much, that many | iom some | neniom none | ĉiom all of it |
| Individuality -u one | kiu which one, who | tiu that one | iu someone, any one, somebody, anybody | neniu no one, nobody | ĉiu each one, everybody |
| Adjectival -u | kiu which | tiu that | iu some, any | neniu no | ĉiu every, all |
Mi ne estas tia knabino! Kia knabino vi estas?
I'm not that kind of girl! What kind of girl are you.
Ni bezonas ion, sed ne ĉion.
We need something, but not everything.
Neniu prizorgas pri! Kial devas ili?
No one cares about me! Why should they?
Kiel? Ĉi tiel.
How? Like this.
Kie estas ĝi? Ĝi iris ien.
Where is it? It went somewhere.
Kiom volas vi? Neniom.
How many do want? None.
Kies libro estas ĉi tio? Ĝi devas esti ies.
Whose book is this? It must be somebody's.
The k- correlatives may be used either as relative pronouns and such, or to form questions.
Kiam faros ni? Ni faros kiam mi diros tiel.
When will we? We will when I say so.
Correlatives ending in -u may be used as either adjectives or as nouns. Either way, they take -j to form the plural and -n to form the accusative.
Kiuj viroj sufiĉos? Ni volas tiujn.
Which men suffice? We want those ones.
Correlatives ending in -o do not take a -j to form the plural, however, they do take the -n to form the accusative. Never use one of the -o correlatives as an adjective, that is, never use it with a noun.
Kion volas vi? Tiuj librojn.
What (things) do you want? Those books.
The word ĉi may be placed on either side of a ti- correlative to change the meaning from "that" to "this".
Ĉi tie aŭ tie?
Here or there?