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Lesson 10:
Word Building

Affixes

Introduction

Derivation in Ido is strictly controlled. The major way that Ido derives one word from another is by affixes. (Another way is by direct derivation.)

In the table below, the meaning or function of each affix is given. The word(s) within parentheses indicate the end product.


List

-ach pejorative, bad sense
-ad repetition, frequency
-aj object of action (transitive verb > noun)
subjct of action (intransitive verb > noun)
made of ..., possessing a certain quality (other > noun)
-al belonging to, relating to (adjective)
-an member of [community/country/town/body] (noun)
-ar collection of (noun)
-ari denotes the direct object
arki- preeminence
-atr like, similar to, -ish
bo- -in-law
des- the contrary, the opposite
dis- separation, dissemination
-e having the appearance of color of (adjective)
-ebl -able
-ed the fill of, amount corresponding to
-eg augmentive
-em inclined to (adjective)
-end the must be ..., is to be ...
-er one who habitually does something, amateur [person/animal/thing] (noun)
-eri establishment where something is made of done
-es state, condition, quality, -hood, -ness
-esk to start to (verbs)
to become (nouns, passive participles > verbs)
-estr head of, chief of
-et diminutive
ex- former
-ey place devoted to some object or action
ge- both sexes together
-i domain or sphere of action
-id offspring
-ier who/what bears or is characterized by
-if to produce, generate, secrete (verb)
-ig to cause to (verb)
-ik sick of, suffering from
-il instrument
-in feminine
-ind worthy to be ...
-ism system, doctrine, party
-ist one whose profession has to do with or adherent of a party or school of thought.
-iv able to, capable of
-iz to cover, supply, provide with (verb)
mi- half
mis- wrongly, amiss
ne- not
-oz full of, containing, rich in
par- completion of (verb)
para- warding off (verb)
pre- fore-, pre-, ante-
prim- primitive
retro-back
ri- again
sen- wotjpit. -less
-ul masculine
-um [indefinite suffix]
-un one of ... [a mass]
-ur concrete result of an action
-uy receptacle

Contenar, contenajo. Ecesar, ecesajo. Kontre, la kontreajo

To contain, content. To exceed, excess. Contrary to, the contrary.

Angla, Anglano, Anglio. Episkopo, arkiepiskopo.

English, Englishman, England. Bishop, archbishop.

Matro, bomatro, matreso. Avo, primavi.

Mother, mother-in-law, motherhood. Grandparent, forefathers.

Facila, desfacila, faciligar. Milion, milioniero.

Easy, difficult, to facilitate. Million, millionaire.

Bovulo, bovino, bovido, gebovoj, bovaro, boveyo.

Bull, cow, calf, cattle, herd, corral.

Socio, sociala, socialismo, socialisto.

Society, social, socialism, socialist. Art, artist.

Fotografo, fotografero, fotografisto, fotografilo.

Photograph, amateur photographer, professional photographer, camera.

Distilar, distilerio. Inko, inkuyo. Boko, Bokedo.

To distill, distillery. Ink, inkwell. Mouth, mouthful.

Famo, famoza. Babilar, babilema. Artrito, artritiko.

Fame, famous. To chat, talkative. Arthritis, an arthritic.

Rozo, rozatra, rozea. Sekar, dissekar.

Rose, rose-like, pink. To cut, to dissect.

Pluvo, parapluvo. Lernar, parlernar.

Rain, umbrella. To learn, to learn thoroughly.

Sidar, sideskar. Vidata, vidateskar. Dansar, dansado.

To sit, to sit down. Visible, to become visible. To dance, dancing.

Adreso, adresizar. Sango, sangifar.

Address, to (supply with) address. Blood, to bleed.

Komprenar, nekomprenebla, miskomprenar. Sugestar, sugestiva.

To understand, incomprehensible, to misunderstand. To suggest, suggestive.

Skribar, skribachar. Konsulo, exkonsulo.

To write, to scrawl. Counsel, ex-counsel.

Urbo, urbeto, urbego, urbestro. Solvar, solvenda, solvinda.

City, town, metropolis, mayor. To solve, to be solved, solution-worthy.

Dicar, predicar, ridicar. Sendar, retrosendar.

To say, to predict, to repeat. To send, to send back.

Legacar, legacario.

To bequeath, person to whom something is bequeathed.

Piktar, pikturo. Grelo, greluno. Kolo, kolumo.

To paint, painting. Hail, hailstone. Neck, collar.


Compounding

How and What

Words may be compounded as in English. Inclusion of an ending inside the compound word depends on euphony. Note that when a preposition is prefixed to a verb, the direct object of the verb does not change.

Kafeo + Krucho = Kafekrucho

Coffee + Pot = Coffee-pot

Omna + Dio = Omnadie

Every + Day = Daily

Enirar marchante

To enter by walking


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Last Updated: 04/10/04