Making Candles

No, not a pale green, furry type of mold--this mold will define the shape of your candle. Professionals use precise, expensive molds made from very durable materials, but you don't have to. You can create a mold with a variety of disposable food or beverage containers that you can reuse and give a new usefulness. Some guidelines: 

Make sure the mold has a mouth that's wider than the base so your candle can slide out easily. 

Oil the inside of the mold with vegetable oil. This will allow for easy removal--you don't want to have to gouge out your newly wrought creation. 

Don't use soup cans--they have ridges that will prevent the removal the finished candle. 

Set up your double boiler 

Wax should never be heated directly in a pot; instead always heat wax indirectly with a store-bought double boiler or a double boiler improvised in the kitchen. Since wax can be difficult to remove from pots, you'll probably want to improvise a double boiler with a coffee can in a pot of water. 

Put a medium-sized pot on the stove, filled with a couple of inches of water, on high heat. 

Place a clean coffee can in the water while it is heating. 

There should always be some water in the pot, but not so much that it bounces the can around. Eventually the combined weight of the can and the wax will be heavy enough to keep the can from bouncing around in the water. 

Melt the paraffin 

While your water is warming up, you can start placing the wax in the coffee can. If you prefer, you may use old candles, or a combination or paraffin and old candles. 

Measure the wax: figure 1/4 pound of wax per orange juice container. 

Cut up the paraffin into small chunks, and place it in the can. If you're using old candles, choose colors that will mix well. You'll also want to clip off any charred wick ends. 

Stir with an old spoon or stick. If there are any old candles in the mix, take a fork and pull out any old wicks that have been freed from the old candles. 

Color the wax (Optional) 

Candle dye is the best way to color candles. But if you don't have any, it's okay to use crayons. One crayon per 1/4 pound of wax provides a deep, rich color. Mix different colored crayons and see what you can come up with. Combining half of a white crayon in with half of a colored crayon makes a softer color. Nice effect! 

Break crayons into small pieces. 

When the wax is nearly melted, drop the crayons into the coffee can. 

Stir to mix color thoroughly. 

Make your own wicks (Optional) 

Cut thick cotton string about three inches longer than your mold will require. 
When your wax is melted, dip cotton string in wax. 
Hang your wicks from a clothesline or place them on waxed paper, being sure to lay them out in a straight line so you'll have nice straight wicks when you need them later. 
Scent your wicks: If you are making your own wicks, you have the option of scenting the wicks rather than the candles. Before dipping wicks in wax, soak the wicks in a fragrance or perfume 

Pour the wax 
Remove the can from the boiling water. You'll want to use a pot holder or a kitchen cloth for this. Let the wax cool for a minute or two before being poured into the mold. Note: if you want a scented candle, now's the time to add the scent. Mix the perfume or fragrant oils into the cooling wax, and remember to experiment with the amount of fragrance you prefer. 

Tilt the mold slightly, towards the can. This will improve the chances of neat, spill-free transfer. 

Pour wax slowly into the mold. Leave a little space at the top edge--it'll make candle removal easier. 
Insert the wick 

You'll need a pencil to lay across the mouth of the mold in order to hold the wick in place while the wax hardens. 

Measure the wick. Take the wicks (store-bought or homemade) and lay them along the length of the mold. Add an extra 3/4 inch of string for the protruding section of wick, plus an extra inch or two to wrap around the pencil. 

Insert the wick into the center of the mold. Notice the amount of wick that remains outside the mold. If you have an extra five inches, the wick hasn't reached the base of the candle. 

Wrap the end of the wick around the pencil. This holds the wick in the center of the wax while it cools. 
Most candles need at least a day before you remove them from the mold. Even though your candle may look hardened, the wax inside is probably still not solid. Don't rush the cooling process, or your fine efforts will be undone. 

You might also want to top off the candle a few times with leftover wax (of the same color) as it's drying. Candle wax shrinks as it dries, so topping it off will keep it from settling (and possibly sinking) in the center. 

Remove the candle from the mold 

Be patient while removing your candle, or it might be damaged by your hastiness. 

For paper molds such as a toilet paper core or a milk carton, simply tear the paper away from the candle. 

For molds of other materials, try turning the mold upside down and tapping the bottom of the mold. 

If the candle doesn't slide out, carefully insert a knife between the candle and the mold. Jiggle the knife into that space, prying very slighly (just a little bit) against the side of the mold. If it still won't slip out, insert the knife into the opposite side of the mold and do some more jiggling. 

If your candle still won't budge, immerse the mold in very hot water for a few seconds. This will slightly melt the outside of the candle and it should slide out. 

Make textured candles 

This technique uses sand as a mold, leaving you some freedom to create a mold of your own design. And removing a candle from this mold couldn't be easier. 

Fill a bucket 3/4 full with clean sand. 

Dig in the sand and to create an interesting shape. You can make some very lovely rounded candles using this method. 

Slowly, carefully, pour the melted wax into the hole in the sand. The sand will stick to the outside of the candle, making a interesting texture. 

Don't try to insert a wick by the method in Step 7. For this and other types of candles, a different wick-setting method is employed. See Step 10. 

Insert wick, method 2 

Some molds require that the wick be inserted after the wax is hardened and removed from the mold, such as sand mold and gelatin mold candles. 

Remove the candle from the mold. 

Heat an ice pick or a length of straight, thick wire--a straightened wire hanger might work well here--over an open flame from a stove or...a candle. If you're using a wire, be sure to wrap the end with a cloth or hold it with a pot holder so you don't get burned. 

Insert the heated pick or wire through the body of the candle. If it cools and stops melting the candle, simply reheat it and continue melting through the candle. 

Insert the wick into the hole you've just created. 

Pour a small amount of melted wax on the top of the candle to secure the wick if it seems loose. Once the candle is lit, any gaps between the wick and the body of the candle will be filled in with melting wax. 

Make rainbow candles

Rainbow-striped candles take more time, but if you can make a solid-colored candle, you can make a rainbow candle. Here's the technique: you simply pour small amounts of wax, layer upon layer, with each layer a different color of the rainbow. The result? They're beautful and they make wonderful gifts.

Plan the colors you're going to use and decide how many stripes you want to create. 

Melt a small portion of wax and color it. 

Pour it into the mold of your choice. 

Insert the wick at this point

Wait until the first bit of wax is completely hardened. Don't rush this process. (You might want to make rainbow candles an ongoing process, where you pour a little wax in every time you are making other candles.) 

Melt your next bit of wax and color it accordingly. 

Let the wax of your second color (and all remaining colors) cool down for a few minutes before pouring it into the mold. Note: If you pour really hot wax on top of an earlier layer, it might melt the previous color, resulting in a mix of colors. This may or may not be desirable, depending on your taste. 

Continue adding colors until your candle is complete.