| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Early History - In Greek and Roman civilizations, coaches, trainers, and physicians to assist athletes in reaching optimum performance. - The history of athletic training draws on the histories of exercises, medicine, physical therapy, physical education, and sports Evolution of the Contemporary Athletic Trainer - 1917 The Trainer Bible – Dr. S.E. Bilik - 1920s Cramer family in Gardner, Kansas, started a chemical company and began producing a liniment to treat ankle sprains. - 1932 First Aider – Cramer Family - 1950 NATA conference in Kansas City, Missouri NATA has more than 23,000 members |
| The Athletic Trainer and the Sports Medicine Team |
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR THE ATHLETIC TRAINER - Providing high quality care to the athlete, publishing articles in professional journals, and organizing professional seminars and conferences are among the best means of educating the general public and other health care workers regarding the role of the athletic trainer Other Organizations related to Athletic Training Settings - CARF establishes standards of quality for organizations that provide rehabilitation services - It is the responsibility of the manufacturers or distributors of recreational sports equipment to report any defective or potentially dangerous products to the Consumer Product Safety Commission - The HECC sets standards to certify face masks that are used in ice hockey helmets |
| THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST AND THE ATHLETIC TRAINER Certification as a Sports Physical Therapist - American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) |
| STATE REGULATION OF THE ATHLETIC TRAINER Forms of state regulation - Certification o Although certification does not restrict the use of the title of athletic trainer to those certificated by the state, it can restrict performance of athletic training functions to only those individuals who are state certificated. o State certification indicates that a person possesses the basic knowledge and skills required in the profession and has passed a certification examination. - Registration o Registration means that before an individual can practice athletic training, he must register in that state. o Registration means that the individual has paid a fee for being placed on an existing list of practitioners. - Licensing o Licensing limits the practice of athletic training to those who have met minimal requirements established by a state licensing board. o Through this licensing board the state limits the number of individuals who can perform functions related to athletic training as dictated by the practice act. o Licensure is the most restrictive of all the forms of regulation. o Individuals who are providing health care services to an athlete cannot cal themselves athletic trainers in that particular state unless they have met the requirements for licensure. - Exemption o Exemption means that a state recognizes that athletic trainers perform function similar to those of other licensed professions yet still allow them to practice athletic training despite the fact that they do not practice acts of other regulated professions. o Exemption is most often used in those states in which there are not enough practitioners to warrant the formation of a state regulatory board. |
| REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION AS AN ATHLETIC TRAINER The Certification Examination Continuing Education Requirements - To maintain certification, all certified trainers must document a minimum of 80 continuing education units (CEUs) attained during each three-year recertification term. - CEUs may be awarded for attending symposiums, seminars, workshops, or conferences |
| RECOGNITION AND ACCREDITATION OF THE ATHLETEIC TRAINER AS AN ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL - In June 1991 the American Medical Association (AMA) officially recognized athletic trainer as an allied profession. - As of 1993, all entry-level athletic training education programs became subject to the CAHEA accreditation process. - CAHEA (Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation) - JRC-AT (Joint Review Committee on Athletic Training) - CAAHEP (Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs) Accreditation Athletic Training Education Programs - As of 1999, 79 institutions across the United States offer entry-level athletic training education programs that have been accredited by CAAHEP. Other Health Care Organization Accrediting Agencies - Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) - Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF) |
| EMPLOYMENT SETTINGS FOR THE ATHLETIC TRAINER - Secondary school - School districts - Colleges and universities - Professional sports - Sports medicine clinics - Industrial settings Treating the Physically Active - The adolescent Athlete - The Aging Athlete |
| REFERRING THE ATHLETE TO OTHER MEDICAL & NONMEDICAL SUPPORT SERVICES & PERSONNEL - Nurse - School Health Services - Physician - Dentist - Podiatrist - Physician’s assistant - Biomechanist - Strength and conditioning coach - Sport psychologist - Physical therapist (trained in the rehabilitation of a diverse patient population) - Exercise physiologist - Nutritionist - Social worker |
| THE COACH - The coach is directly responsible for preventing injuries by seeing that the athlete has undergone a preventive injury conditioning program. |
| RESPONSIBLITIES OF THE TEAM PHYSICIAN - Compiling Medical Histories - Diagnosing Injury - Team physicians must have absolute authority in determining the health status of an athlete who wishes to participate in the sports program. - Deciding on Disqualification and Return to Play - Attending Practices and Games - Committing Sports and the Athlete - During the final check-out following a pre-participation examination, the athletic trainer and team physician should review each examination for final approval to participate |
| THE ATHLETIC TRAINER Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer - Six performance domains of the athletic trainer (NATABOC); o Prevention of athletic injuries o Recognition, evaluation, assessment o Immediate care o Treatment, rehabilitation, and reconditioning o Organization and administration o Professional development and responsibility - Education Council competencies (in 1998) o To dictate the course of educational preparation for student athletic trainer. o Acute care of injury and illness o Assessment and evaluation o General medical conditions and disabilities o Health care administration o Nutritional aspects of injury and illnesses o Pathology of illness and injuries o Pharmacological aspects of injury and illnesses o Professional development and responsibility o Psychological intervention and referral o Risk management and injury prevention o Therapeutic exercise o Therapeutic modalities Injury Prevention and Risk Management - Minimize the risk of injury by o Ensuring appropriate training and conditioning of the athlete o Monitoring environmental conditions to ensure safe participation o Selecting properly fitting, and maintaining protective o Making certain that the athlete is eating properly o Making sure the athlete is using medications appropriately while discouraging substance abuse Recognition, Evaluation, and Assessment of Athletic Injuries - Conducting physical examinations - Understanding the pathology of injury and illness - Referring to medical care - Referring to support services Immediate Care of Injury and Illness - Athletic trainers are often responsible for the initial on-the-field injury assessment following acute injury and administrate appropriate first aid. - The athletic trainer should be certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation by the American Red Cross… Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Reconditioning - Designing rehabilitation programs - Supervising rehabilitation programs - Incorporating therapeutic modalities - Offering psychosocial intervention Organization and Administration - Record keeping - Ordering equipment and supplies - Supervising personnel - Establishing policies for operation of an athletic training program Professional Development and Responsibilities - The athletic trainer as an educator - The athletic trainer as a counselor Personal Qualities of the Athletic Trainer - An athletic trainer’s personal qualities; o Stamina and ability to adapt § As a member of a helping profession, the athletic trainer is subject to burnout. o Empathy o Sense of humor o Ability to communicate o Intellectual curiosity o Ethics § Members shall respect the rights, welfare, and dignity of all individuals. § Members shall comply with the laws and regulations governing the practice of athletic training. § Members shall accept the responsibility for the exercise of sound judgment. § Members shall maintain and promote high standards in the provision of services. § Members shall not engage in conduct that constitutes a conflict of interest or that adversely reflects on the profession. Professional Memberships - As a professional, the athletic trainer must be a member of and be active in professional organizations. The Athletic Trainer and the Athlete - The athletic trainer should educate the student athlete about injury prevention and management. - In a high-school setting, the athletic trainer must take the time to explain and inform the parents about injury management and prevention. - Each role and responsibility is critical if the athletic trainer is to be as effective as possible in treating people with injuries related to participation in sports. - The athletic trainer must be competent in classroom teaching methods and should incorporate multimedia and audiovisual aids - It is wise for the athletic trainer to advise and consult with the team strength and conditioning coach regarding the development of a reconditioning program post-injury |
| THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM - The primary sports medicine team consists of the coach, athletic trainer, and the team physician. |
| SPORTS MEDICINE AND ATHLETIC TRAINING The Field of Sports Medicine - Sports Medicine is defined as Multidisciplinary, including the physiological, biomechanical, and pathological phenomena associated with exercise and sports by ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) - Sports medicine encompasses many different fields of study related to sports Growth of professional Sports Medicine Organizations - Professional organizations have many goals: 1. To upgrade the field by devising and maintaining a set of professional standards, including a code of ethics 2. To bring together professionally competent individuals to exchange ideas, stimulate research, and promote critical thinking 3. To give individuals an opportunity to work as a group with a singleness of purpose, therby making it possible for them to achieve objectives that, separately, they could not accomplish - Federation Internationale de Medicine Sportive (FIMS) - American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) - National Athletic Trainer’s Association(NATA) o To enhance the quality of health care for the physically active through education and research in prevention, evaluation, management, and rehabilitation of injuries. - American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) - American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) - National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) - American Academy of Pediatrics Sports Committee (AAPSC) - American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) - National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) - Athletic Training must be considered as a specialization under the broad field of sports medicine - Many professional organizations that are dedicated to achieving health & safety in sports have developed in 20th century. |