Linux Command 企 鵝 指 令

Most of the following command also work on Unix.

其實以下的指令大部份都可在 Unix 上運作。

• Account Management 帳號管理
• Background Jobs 背景作業
• Basic Operation 基本操作
• Compress & Decompress 壓縮及解壓
• File Management 檔案管理
• Filters 過濾器
• Login & Logout 登入及登出
• Modules 模組
• Networking 網路工具
• Setup 設定工具
• System Management 系統管理
• System Shutdown & Restart 系統關閉及重新啟動

Create user account
新增使用者帳號

adduser newuser

Create user group
新增群組

groupadd newgroup

Delete user group
刪除群組

group existgroup

Change password
修改密碼

Enable a user to temporarily become another user. Default user is root.
臨時登入成另一使用者，預設值是 root

Create user account
新增使用者帳號

useradd newuser

Delete user account
刪除使用者帳號

userdel existuser

Who am I
檢視自己的 Login Name

job number

execute the command background

place the job from suspend to background

interrupt a job and stop it (suspended)

bring the specified job number from background to foreground

list the jobs being run in background

kill the specified job number

list all currently running process include background job

Stands for "change directory". Changes the current working directory. If no directory is specified, then the user is returned to their home directory
切換當前目錄

Clear terminal screen
清除螢幕

same as "ls" without options

Display Information about files and directories
列出檔案清單

Display online help
顯示線上說明文件

man command

Report current directory
顯示目前的工作目錄

parameter 參數

tar zxvf tarfile.tar.gz
Decompress the compressed tar file to specify subdirectory and filename, display the output onscreen.
* The first step to install application.

tar zcvf tarfile.tar.gz SubD/
Create a compress file, "SubD/" is the subdirectory to be compressed.
* Useful to backup data such as user account etc...

tar ztf tarfile.tar.gz
view the content of tarfile.tar.gz
檢視壓縮檔案內容

Compress Files
壓縮檔案

zip myfiles *.txt

Decompress Files
解壓檔案

unzip myfiles

Concatenates files
連接檔案

cat appendfile >> originalfile

Change the permissions mode of file or directory
改變檔案與目錄存取權限

chmod 755 dirname
chmod ug+rx dirname

Copy files
複製檔案

cp from-filename to-filename

Displays the amount of space being used by the specified directories or files
查看目前目錄所佔的硬碟空間

Similar to more but allows backward movement
向上下翻頁顯示檔案（全螢幕）

less filename
ps | less

Creates a symbolic link to a files
建立目標檔案連結

ln -s originalfile linkfile

Create new directories
建立目錄

mkdir newdirectory

Display file contents in full screen and page by page
向下翻頁顯示檔案（全螢幕）

more filename
ps | more

Move files
搬移檔案

mv filename targetdirectory

Delete files
刪除檔案

Delete empty directories
刪除空目錄

rmdir emptydirectory

Looks for patterns found in files and reports when these patterns are found
搜尋字串

ps aux | grep "sendmail"

Sort and merge text files
排序

sort <unsort.txt >sorted.txt

Translates or maps characters in a file from one form to another

tr -d \015\032 <dosfile >linuxfile
tr abc zyx

login
登入

logout and return to login screen
登出及返回登入畫面

logout and return to login screen
登出及返回登入畫面

logout and return to login screen
登出及返回登入畫面

login to another user login session, default user is "root"
登入為另一用戶

Remote Login
遠端登入

Handle dependency description for loadable kernel Modules
處理模組間的依賴性。

High level handling of loadable Modules
優化模組 - 裝上指定的模組及另一些沒有指定，但必須用到的模組。

Install loadable kernel Module
裝上指定的模組。

List Loaded Modules
列出所有裝上的模組。

Unload loadable Module
清除已裝上的指定模組。

List all PCI devices include Mother Board Chipset
列出所有主機板上晶片組及 PCI 介面

Displays information about users on the system
顯示使用者資料

Monitor and change the state of network interfaces
查閱與設定網路介面

Disconnect ppp connection
解除 ppp 連線

ifdown ppp0

Connect ppp connection
接駁 ppp 連線

ifup ppp0

displays the status of network connections on TCP, UDP, RAW or UNIX sockets to the system
觀察主機與其他電腦之間的連線狀況，封包傳輸等資料

Queries the DNS to return information about specific hosts and networks
向 DNS 查詢主機與網路資訊

Requests packet echos from network hosts
測試網路連接狀況

To access remote computers
操作遠端電腦

Keyboard Configuration
鍵盤設定程式

Linux Configuration, text mode and X-Win mode.
Linux 設定程式

Mouse Configuration
滑鼠設定程式

Red Hat Linux network configuration tool, X-Win mode only.
紅帽子 Linux 網路設定工具

Network Configuration, text mode and X-Win mode.
網路設定程式

System Service
設定系統啟動時的執行程式

Setup Menu
設定功能表

Soundcard Configuration
音效咭設定程式

Timezone Configuration
時區設定程式

X Window Configuration.
X Win 設定程式

Traditional X Window Configuration
傳統的 X Win 設定程式

XFree GUI X Window Configuration
XFree 圖形介面 X Win 設定程式

Reports the amount of free disk space on any currently mounted filesystem
顯示目前硬碟所剩空間

attach the device to the filesystem
掛上週邊設備

detach the device from the filesystem
掛下週邊設備

umount /mnt/cdrom
umount /mnt/floppy

Reboot the system now
立即重新啟動系統

Reboot the system now
立即重新啟動系統

Reboot the system now
立即重新啟動系統

Halt the system now
立即關閉系統

Shutdown the System
關閉系統

parameter 參數