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Filesystem 檔案系統

The following filesystem structure are just a highlight.

Filesystem Organization 檔案系統架構

Directory 目錄
Description 解說
/bin To hold the most commonly used essential user program, such as login, cp, tar, vi, mount, etc...
放置系統的可執行程式
/boot System boot
系統啟動時所需要的檔案
/dev Block device files
週邊設備檔案
/etc Configuration files that are local to the machine. No binaries are to put in /etc.
系統設定與管理的檔案
/etc/X11 X11 configuration files.
X11 設定檔
/home Home directories for Group and Individual User Account, Samba, Http, Ftp.
使用者的 Home 目錄
/lib Contain only those libraries that are need to execute the binaries in /bin and /sbin.
共用的程式庫
/mnt Mount point for removable media such as CDROM and Floppy Disk
掛上磁碟機時的掛入點
/proc 系統核心與執行程序的資訊
/root Root user directory
系統管理者的 Home 目錄
/sbin For executables used only by the root user, and only those executables needed to boot and mount /usr and perform system recovery operations. e.g. shutdown, halt, ifconfig, e2fsck.
系統啟動時所需要執行的程式。例如: shutdown haltifconfige2fsck
/tmp Temporary files
暫存檔案
/usr For files that are shareable across a whole site. The /usr directory usually has its own partition, and it should be mountable read only.
存放系統指令、程式等
/usr/bin Executable for user
放置使用者可執行的程式
/usr/doc Programs documentation.
存放各種程式文件
/usr/local

Linux Filesystem Standard (FSSTND) :-
"The /usr/local hierarchy is for use by the system administrator when installing software locally. It needs to be safe from being overwritten when the system software is updated. It may be used for programs and data that are shareable amongst a group of machines, but not found in /usr."

In Red Hat Linux, the intended use for /usr/local is slightly different. Instead, Red Hat Linux recommend to use /usr/local for software that is local to the machine.
放置一些自行安裝的應用程式

/usr/man On line help.
線上說明文件
/usr/sbin Executable for root user. Such as sendmail, setup, useradd, httpd.
放置 root 可執行的程式。例如: sendmail setupuseraddhttpd
/usr/X11R6 X Window directory
X Win 目錄
/usr/X11R6/bin X Window executable, such as startx, Xconfigurator.
X Win 的一些執行程式。例如: startx Xconfigurator
/var Variable data files. This includes spool directories and files, administrative and logging data, and transient and temporary files.
放置許多不同類型的資料 variable data ,包括系統記錄檔等
/var/log Log files
記錄檔
/var/named DNS 宣告檔
Return 返回

Configuration Files 設定檔

Account 帳號

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/passwd contain all information about the user account
帳號資料檔
Return 返回

Apache Server

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 資源設定檔
/home/httpd/html Root directory for WWW Server
存放 WWW 網站網頁的根目錄
Return 返回

DNS

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/hosts contain a list of IP address and the corresponding hostnames (and alias)
定義網路上機器的 IP Address 與網域名稱
/etc/named.boot 網域及對應檔宣告檔
/etc/named.conf 網域型態組態檔
/etc/resolv.conf DNS client configuration file
DNS 用戶端設定檔
/var/named/named.domain 主網域正解宣告檔
/var/named/named.domain.arpa 主網域反解宣告檔
/var/named/named.localhost 本機正解宣告檔
/var/named/named.localhost.arpa 本機反解宣告檔
Return 返回

FTP Server

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/ftpaccess FTP Server configuration file
設定 FTP Server 的存取控制及基本設定
/etc/ftpusers 設定哪些特定帳號不能登入 FTP Server
Return 返回

Mail Server

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/mail/relay.allow 設定 E-Mail 可傳遞到的網域
/etc/semdmail.cw 設定 Mail Server 的別名
Return 返回

Modules 模組

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/modules.conf

Modules configuration files
模組設定檔。系統起動時,自動載入模組

例如:
alias eth0 rtl8139

Return 返回

Samba Server

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/smb.conf Samba Server configuration file
Samba Server 設定檔
Return 返回

System 系統

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/fstab contains a list of devices the system knows how to mount automatically.
設定系統起動時掛上的硬碟分割
/etc/lilo.conf LILO Boot manager configuration file
/etc/profile the default initialization file for users to set the shell (bash, the Red Hat default) and variable such as PATH
Return 返回

X Window

Files 檔案
Description 解說
/etc/X11/XF86Config X Window configuration file
X Win 設定檔
$HOME/.xinitrc X Window startup file
X Win 啟動檔
Return 返回
本 頁 最 後 更 新 日 期 :2002年02月20日