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Lesson 3:
Adverbs

Derived Adverbs

Derivation of Adverbs from Adjectives

An adverb can be formed from an adjective by changing the -a to -e.

These adverbs can usually be placed before or after the verb, or at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Ol esas vera. Ol vere esas.

It is true. It truly is.


Derivation of Adverbs from Prepositions

An adverb can be formed from a preposition by adding an -e ending.

These adverbs can usually be placed before or after the verb, or at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Proxim la rivereto. La rivereto fluis proxime.

Near the brook. The brook ran near.


Comparison of Adverbs

Adverbs are compared in the same manner as adjectives.


Adverbial Phrases

Kom and Quale

Kom means "as", and is used to introduce an adverbial phrase that expresses identity. Quale means "like", and is used to introduce an adverbial phrase that expresses similiarity.

Il esis aceptata kom rejo. Il esis aceptata quale rejo.

He was received like a king (because he was a king). He was received like a king (even though he wasn't a king).


Principle Adverbs

Listed

admaximeat the most
adminimeat least
ankorestill
ante nunago = before now
aparteapart, separately
avanein front
cadie (hodie)today
cavesperethis evening
cirkumearound
dextreon the right
dopebehind
ersteonly = no earlier than
extereoutside
forefar away
forsanperhaps
frueearly
hiereyesterday
infredown, below
interneinside
itereanew, afresh, again
jaalready.
jusjust (in the past)
kelkea little
komprenendeof course
kunetogether
maxim(e)most
maxim ... posiblemost ... possible
maxim granda posiblethe greatest possible
memeven; still (with comparative)
minim(e)least
minim ... posibleleast ... possible
morgetomorrow
ne ... janot yet
nultempenever
nunnow
nuronly
olimonce upon a time, formerly
okazione (di)apropos (of)
oportuneby the way, by the bye
plusefurther, moreover
pokelittle
posmorgethe day after tomorrow
precipuechiefly
prehierethe day before yesterday
proximeapproximately, near
quikat once, immediately
retrobackwards
samtempeat the same time
sat(e)enough
semprealways
sinistreon the left
supreup, upstairs
tam ... kam posibleas ... as possible
tardelate
trotoo (much)
yaindeed

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Last Updated: 04/09/04