 |
Conjunctions
A conjunction joins grammatical
structures.
Coordinating
Conjunctions
Coordinating
conjunctions join grammatical structures of similar form, transforming
them into a single grammatical unit.
Correlative
Conjunctions
Correlative
conjunctions are coordinating conjunctions paired with other words that
extend the meaning of the first.
Conjunctive
Adverbs
Conjunctive
adverbs they connect and signal relationships between two sentences, and
they are like adverbs in the kinds of meaning they express.
Subordinating
Conjunctions
Subordinating
conjunctions create complex sentences by joining grammatically unequal
elements: a subordinate (or dependent) clause to a main (independent)
clause.
| Coordinating
Conjunctions |
and,
but, or, nor, yet, for, so |
Punctuate
with a comma:
Either the
teacher is late, or we are early.
(2 independent clauses) |
| Correlative
Conjunctions |
both ... and,
either ... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but also |
| Conjunctive
Adverbs |
| Contrast,
opposition |
however,
instead, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still,
anyway |
Punctuate
with a semicolon or period. Set off the conjunctive adverb with a
comma, or with a pair of commas if it is inside its clause:
Ted spoke;
however, no one listed.
Ted spoke. However, no one listened.
Ted spoke. No one, however, listed. |
| Addition |
also,
besides, furthermore, in addition, in fact, moreover |
| Cause
and effect, conclusion |
accordingly,
as a result, consequently, hence, so, therefore, this |
| Example,
restatement |
for
example, for instance, namely, that is |
| Time |
afterward9s),
earlier, finally, in the meantime, later, meanwhile, then,
subsequently |
| Choice |
otherwise |
| Emphasis |
indeed,
that is to say, to be sure |
| Subordinating
Conjunctions |
| Time |
after,
as, as soon as, before, once, since, until, when, while |
Punctuate
with a comma if subordinate clause comes first:
After the sun
set, the mosquitoes became active.
The mosquitoes became active after the sun set. |
| Manner |
as,
as if, as though, like |
| Contrast,
opposition |
although,
though, whereas, while, except (that) |
| Cause
and effect |
because,
in that, now that, since, so that |
| Condition |
if,
in case, provided (that), unless |
| Purpose |
so
that, in order that |
| Comparison |
as...as,
more than, less than, than |
| Rules: |
Subordinating
conjunctions: Punctuate with a comma if subordinate clause
comes first:
After the sun set, the mosquitoes became active.
The mosquitoes became active after the sun set.
Coordinating
and correlative conjunctions: Punctuate
with a comma:
Either the teacher is late, or we are early.
(2 independent clauses)
Conjunctive
Adverbs: Punctuate
with a semicolon or period. Set off the conjunctive adverb with a
comma, or with a pair of commas if it is inside its clause:
Ted spoke; however, no one listed.
Ted spoke. However, no one listened.
Ted spoke. No one, however, listed. |
| Tests: |
If
it has a noun phrase after it, it is a preposition and not a
subordinating conjunction. |
|
