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14 Ratn (Gems)
Dharm Sanhitaa
describes 14 Ratn of a king like this - (1) Disc, (2) chariot, (3) gems,
(4) sword, (5) shield, (6) banner (Dhwajaa)
and (7) treasure - these seven are inanimate things; and (8) wife, (9)
Purohit, (10) army
chief, (11) chariot riders, (12) foot soldiers, (13) horse riders, and
(14) elephant
riders - these seven are animate things which should be owned by all Chakravartee
kings.
A
In all Hindi
words A used as prefix means "without" or "no". Thus
(1) Dharm and A-Dharm means which is not Dharm; (2) Vidyaa and A-Vidyaa means which is not Vidyaa
(education), it is ignorance; (3) Paramaarth and A-Paramaarth means which is not
Paramaarth. It is about seeing One in everybody, or seeing everybody like
himself; (4) Viyogaa and A-Viyogaa means
where there is no separation (Viyog means separation); (5) Dwait and
A-Dwait means which is not Two but One. There are two paths - one of A-Dwait
and another is of Dwait. Who believe in A-Dwait, they believe in One, that
the Aatmaa (soul) and Paramaatmaa (God) are One, they are not two; while
who believe in Dwait, they believe in Two - Paramaatmaa and Aatmaa (soul).
They see them differently; (6) Par and A-Par; (7) Paraa and A-Paraa
A-Dwait Vaad
see also Dwait Vaad
In A-Dwait Vaad Paramaatmaa (God) and Aatmaa (soul) are one - absolute
monism. This philosophy is of Jagadguru Shankaraachaarya
Aaditya
Vishnu, Indra, Aryamaa, Dhaataa, Twashtaa, Pooshaa, Vivaswaan, Savitaa,
Mitra, Varun, Anshu, and Bhag. Before Vaivaswat Manvantar, in Chaakshush
Manvantar they were 12 Dev Gan named as Tushit Devtaa. In Vaivaswat
Manvantar they took birth from Aditi and were called 12 Aaditya.
[Vishnu, Pratham, p 9]
Indra, Aryamaa, Dhaataa, Twashtaa, Pooshaa, Vivaswaan, Savitaa, Varun,
Anshu, Bhag, Parjanya
[Padm, Srishti, p
49-50]
Aaditya Hridaya
Stotra
This Stotra,
found in Bhavishya Puraan, is very popular. It was so important in ancient
times that Maharshi Paraashar has recommended it to pacify Soorya in his
Dashaa and Antar-Dashaa times. The contents of Bhavishya Puraan given in
Naarad Puraan also does not match with the contents of present Bhavishya
Puraan. Although it is not found in present Bhavishya Puraan copies, but
it may be found in almost all Stotra books. Aaditya Hridaya Stotra by
Agastya Muni found in Vaalmeeki Raamaayan is different from Bhavishya
Puraan Aaditya Hridaya Stotra.
Aahuti
Oblation
offered to Agni (fire).
Aashram
There are two meanings of Aashram --
(1) A place where saints, Rishi, Muni live in group building their
huts.
(2) There are four Aashram in a person's life - (1) Brahmcharya - 5-25 years of age. In this
Aashram a child studies in Guru's house. (2) Grihasth - 25-50 years of
age. In this Aashram the child marries, and performs all duties of a
Grihasth including paying back the three Rin - Brahm Rin, Pitra Rin and
Dev Rin. (3) Vaanprasth - 50-75 years of age. In this Aashram, he may live in house
or in forest but detaches himself from worldly things
gradually to prepare to go to forest. (4) Sanyaas - 75-100 years of age.
In this Aashram one goes to forest, and leaves everything which is
worldly. Lives like a Muni and keeps no touch to world of any kind.
Aatataayee
According to Bhaagvat Puraan six types of people come under the category
of Aatataayee.
Abhimantrit
It is a process to make a thing successful by pronouncing Mantra.
Sometimes this process accompanies water also in hand, or that water in
hand is moved around that thing three times. This process transfers the
power of Mantra to that thing through pronouncing the Mantra and water.
For example in Raamaayan and Mahaabhaarat times the special arrows were not
any special but they were Abhimantrit by Mantra only. So the arrow was
filled with that power and did their job.
Ahankaar
Ahankaar is of three types - Vaikaarik (Saatwik),
Raajas (Taijas), and Taamas (in Bhoot form - elements).
Beings
All living beings are born by four methods - Jaraayuj, Andaj, Swedaj, and
Udbhij.
Brahmcharya
There are two meanings of Brahmcharya - (1) celibacy, or restraining
oneself from sexual pleasure, (2) One of the four Aashram of a man's life
in which the person is a student, learns from his Guru following the rules
of Brahmcharya. See "Aashram" above. One who follows Brahmcharya
is called Brahmchaaree.
Buddhi
Buddhi is the ability to discriminate between good and bad, or what to do
and what not to do like issues. It may be compared to intellect.
Chakravartee
Who rules the whole Prithvi, or country, he is called Chakravartee king. If
somebody says that "Emperor Ashok was a Chakravartee king of
India", it means that the whole India was under his control.
Daksh's Daughters
60 daughters.
see Daksh
Dakshinaa
Dakshinaa is a kind of fee
Dharm
Dharm is not religion in Hinduism. It is the duties which should be performed by a person according to his
Varn (see below) and Aashram. When one does not perform his duties according to his Aashram, he
is called A-Dharmee or unreligious.
Dharm, Arth, Kaam,
Moksh
Everybody has four types of desires in his life - Dharm, Arth, Kaam and
Moksh. Dharm means related to religion. Arth means related to wealth. Kaam
means related to satisfying Indriyaan's desires. And Moksh means salvation.
One's all actions are related to achieve or fulfill only these four types of
desires. Among them the Kaam is the lowest and Moksh is the highest type
of desire.
Dwait Vaad
see also A-Dwait Vaad
In this philosophy, there are two - Paramaatmaa (God) and Aatmaa (soul) -
dualism. When Paramaatmaa comes to this world, He is under the bondage of
Maayaa and sinful; otherwise as Paramaatmaa is absolute, Supreme,
Gracious, Omnipresent, Pure. This philosophy is of Maadhavaachaarya.
Dwijaati People
Dwi means second time, and Jaati means caste, thus Dwijaati means those
castes who have been born twice. In Hindu Dharm this is done by performing
the Upanayan Sanskaar of a child. Since this Sanskaar is performed only
for Braahman, Kshatriya and Vaishya, these three caste people are called
Dwijaati people.
Elements
see Tattwa
Father
Who gives birth, who performs Yagyopaveet,
who gives food, who protects from fear, who gives education - these five
have been regarded as father.
Gangaa Saagar
It is an island at some distance from the place where Gangaa joins the sea
- in Kolkata, on the shore of Bay of Bengal. The whole year it is
submerged under the sea, but it comes out for three days at the time of
Makar Sankraanti. At that time a great fair is organized there, people go
there by boat, and a great care is taken to evacuate them before the
island submerges again in water. Certainly whoever remains there is lost.
It is believed that king Sagar's sons were burned by Kapil Jee here only,
for whom this Gangaa was brought on Prithvi by Bhageerath Jee.
Gangaa Saagar
Sangam Teerth
Where Gangaa meets see.
Gun
There are three Gun -
Sat or Sattwa or sato Gun, Raj or Rajas or Rajo Gun, and Tam or Taamas or
Tamo Gun. In Sat Gun all
characteristics are good, in Rajo Gun some are good and some are bad, but
in Tamo Gun all characteristics are bad. But Bhagavaan is beyond these Gun, that is why He is called
Nir-gun (without attributes). But all creatures are the results
of Gun. They all have one or two or all Gun in them.
Hiranyakashyap's
Sons
These children
were the sons of Kaalnemi, Hiranyakashyap's brother, that is why they are
called here his sons. They disrespected Hiranyakashyap and devoted
themselves to Shree hari, that is why he gave them Shaap that they would
be killed by their father only. This reference comes in Harivansh Puraan.
Kans was the incarnation of Kaalnemi that is why he killed them.
Indriyaan
(senses)
There are a
total ten Indriyaan - five
Gyaan Indriyaan and five Karm Indriyaan. Skin, eyes, nose, ears, tongue are five
Gyaan Indriyaan by which we obtain knowledge. They obtain knowledge by
touch, seeing, smelling, hearing, and tasting. There are five Karm
Indriyaan by which we do our Karm - tongue, hands, feet, procreative
parts, and excretion part.
They help in speaking, creating something, moving around, extending
families, and excreting wastes.
Jain Dharm
see also Vane
Strangely enough, Jain Dharm's description is found in Padm Puraan, Bhoomi
Khand, in the reference that "how Atri's son Ang's son Vane went
astray from his own Dharm?" It is mentioned there that a man came in
disguise there and preached him Jain Dharm. It shows that Jain Dharm is
very old.
Kalp
see also Kalp
A Kalp is measured on Earth as Brahmaa's one day only (not night, because
his night is also of one Kalp). Brahmaa's one day is equal to
1,000 Chaturyug period (four Yug = Sat, Tretaa, Dwaapar and Kali). And
this Chaturyug period is equal to roughly 4,320 million x 1000 Chaturyug =
4,320 billion human years. Brahmaa creates this Universe every day as he wakes up and destroys it in
the evening before he sleeps.
Kalp Pralaya
This is Brahmaa's everyday dissolution of the Universe - Bhoo, Bhuvar and
p9
Krityaa
Krityaa is a
Raakshas type male or female who is produced after doing a Yagya to kill
someone. In Hindu religious literature several people have produced
Krityaa.
1. Twashtaa
produced a Krityaa to kill Indra because he killed his son. His name was
Vritraasur. But he was killed by Indra through Vajra made by the bones of
Dadheechi.
2.
Kshar and A-Kshar
This concept is given in Geetaa also.
Kshatropet Braahman
Whoever Kshatriya (by birth) have turned into Braahman work, such as
Vishwaamitra who was born as a Kshatriya then did severe Tap and became
Brahmarshi.
Kshetragya
Kshetra and Kshetragya concepts have been described in Geetaa also.
Kshetraj Form
This concept is given in Geetaa also.
Kush Grass
Kush grass is a special type of grass which is used to make an Aasan (mat
for sitting) for worshipping.
Mahaabhoot Tattwa (Elements)
There are 5
elements - earth, fire, air, water and sky.
Manvantar
There are 14 Manvantar in one Kalp and so are 14 Manu. Every Manvantar has
a Manu as its Lord.
Mool Prakriti
Maayaa in its original dormant form. Maayaa is the means to create this
Universe.
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