INTRODUCTION
GAIN ATTENTION
PURPOSE
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING STANDARDS
MISSION PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
With the use of the student outline, the student will demonstrate knowledge of the correct handling of enemy prisoners of war (EPW) and captured documents and equipment.
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
In a practical exercise, and with the use of references, the student will:
1. Apply the five Ss and T on a role player.
2. Conduct a search on a role player.
3. Prepare a Prisoner of War Capture Tag.
4. Describe the difference between an EPW and a detainee.
METHOD AND MEDIA
TESTING
TRANSITION
BODY
1. Geneva Convention relative to the treatment of POWs:
United States Policy: Basic United States policy underlying the treatment accorded EPWs and all other enemy personnel captured, interned, or otherwise held in United States custody during the course of a conflict requires, and directs that all such personnel be accorded humanitarian care and treatment from the moment of custody until final release or repatriation. The observance of this policy is fully and equally binding upon United States personnel whether as capturing troops, custodial personnel, or in whatever capacity they may be serving. This policy is equally applicable for the protection of all detained or interned personnel whether their status is that of prisoner of war, civilian internee, or any other category. It is applicable whether they are known to have or are suspected of having committed a serious offense that could be characterized as a war crime. The punishment of such persons is administered by due process of law and under legally constituted authority. The administration of inhumane treatment, even if committed under the stress of combat and with deep provocation, is a serious and punishable violation under national law, international law, and the Uniformed Code of Military Justice.
Those articles of the Convention which address the handling and treatment of EPWs/detainees are quoted as follows:
In the case of armed conflict not an international character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a minimum, the following provisions:
a. Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of the armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed incapable of combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, color, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever with respect to the above mentioned persons.
1. Violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment, and torture.
2. Taking of Hostages.
3. Outrages upon personal dignity; in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment.
4. The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgement pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
b. The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in its custody is prohibited and will be regarded as serious breach of the present convention. In particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest. Likewise prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation against insults and public curiosity. Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their honor. Woman shall be treated will all the regard due their sex and shall in all cases benefit by treatment as favorable as that granted to men.
All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, military equipment, and military documents, shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, likewise their metal helmets and gas masks and like articles issued for personal protection, even if such effects and articles belong to their regulation military equipment.
At no time should prisoners of war be without identity documents. The Detailing Power shall supply such documents to prisoners of war who possess none.
Badges of rank and nationality, decorations and articles having a personal or sentimental value may not be taken away from prisoners of war.
Sums of money carried by prisoners of war may not be taken from them except by order of an officer, and after the amount and particulars of the owner have been recorded in a special register and an itemized receipt has been given, legibly inscribed with name, rank, and unit of the person issuing the said receipt.
The Detaining Power may withdraw articles of value from prisoners of war for reasons of security. When such articles are withdrawn, the procedure laid down for sums of money impounded shall apply.
Prisoners of War shall be evacuated, as soon as possible after their capture, to camps situated in an area far enough from the combat zone for them to be out of danger.
Only those prisoners of war, who, owing to wounds or sickness, would run greater risks by being evacuated than by remaining where they are, may temporarily kept back in a danger zone.
Prisoners of War shall not be unnecessarily exposed to danger while awaiting evacuation.
The evacuation of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions similar to those for the forces of the Detaining Power in their changes of station.
The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who are being evacuated with sufficient food and potable water, and with the necessary clothing and medical attention. The Detaining Power shall take all suitable precautions to ensure their safety during evacuation. And shall establish as soon as possible a list of prisoners of war who are evacuated.
If prisoners of war must, during evacuation, pass through transit camps, their stay in such camps shall be as brief as possible.
The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those that are escaping or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded by warnings appropiate to the circumstances.
2. Detainee: The difference between an EPW and a detainee is that a detainee is not a member of the actual enemy force but someone who aids and abets the enemy. These people may be terrorists, saboteurs, or hostile intelligence agents attempting to bring harm against friendly forces or to collect information on friendly force activities.
3. Five Ss: Search, Silence, Segregate, Safeguard and Speed.
a. Search:
1) Pat down (hasty frisking)
b. Silence
c. Segregate
1) Civilians
d. Safeguard until safely evacuated and turned over to EPW camp handlers
e. Speed – evacuate as soon as possible
4. Tagging
a. The following are the basic items of information that the eventual interrogator must have in order to properly evaluate a prisoner for his intelligence value:
1) Circumstances of capture
b. The tag: either preprinted card or other piece of paper securely fastened to the prisoner.
c. Preparation of captured personnel portion of the EPW and Document Tag:
1) Tag number – assign sequential numbers starting with 1 for each 24-hour period
5. Documents:
a. A document is any item of recorded information that has been in enemy hands.
6. Receipt for EPW or Detained Personnel: A receipt will be filled out upon turning them over to the camp handlers or other receiving unit.
7. Persons of Intelligence Interest: Any person, detainee, or prisoner who has been involved in suspicious activity prior to apprehension needs to be brought to the attention of counterintelligence personnel. Suspicious activity consists of, but is not limited to: surveillance, asking unusual and pointed questions to friendly personnel, found with large sums of money, found with explosive devices or parts of explosive devices, and persons of military age and not apparently in the military.
QUESTIONS
SUMMARY
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Students will now practice conducting proper searches and filling out capture tags to include documenting any an all items found on the individual being searched.
The MOUT Homepage Hot Links:
MCRP 4-27C EPW and Civilian Internees
U.S. Army FM 19-40 EPWs, Civilian Internees and Detained Persons
U.S. Army FM 19-4 Military Police Battlefield Circulation Control, Area Security and EPW Operations
U.S. Army FM 27-10 The Law of Land Warfare
Conducting Personnel Searches During Peace Operations (CALL)
Conducting Vehicle Searches During Peace Operations (CALL)
Military Police Run a Detainment Facility (CALL - Haiti Vignette)
2) Detailed
3) Strip
2) Officers
3) Noncommissioned officers
4) Enlisted
2) Date and time of capture
3) Where captured – provide grid coordinates or sight description using prominent landmarks and terrain features
4) Who captured the prisoner – fully identify capturing unit down to the individual Marines involved.
2) Date/Time of capture
3) Place of capture – should be as accurate as possible, use 8-digit grid is possible
4) Circumstances of capture – provide as much detail as possible as this information is very useful to the interrogator in determining the method of interrogation approach technique
5) Weapons – yes or no? List the type and quantity, note the disposition of weapons on the back of the tag under “additional information, specialized weapons should be evacuated to the rear at the same time as the prisoner
6) Documents – yes or no? Note the disposition of documents on the back of the tag under “additional information”
7) Capturing unit – down to the smallest unit and the individual Marine
8) Separate the tag – attach the top portion to the prisoner and the bottom portion to any documents
b. Documents are found on prisoners, on enemy dead and on the ground.
c. The tagging of documents is the same as for prisoners except for:
1) If found alone, fill out a tag with the applicable information and attach it to the document.
d. The tagging of equipment is the same as for prisoners and documents except for:
1) Under “condition” annotate the dial settings of radios and note any apparent damage to any piece of equipment. You may have to draw a sketch of the equipment and any identifying information if it is not feasible to evacuate it. For example, you discover a radio in use and the situation dictates it may be more beneficial to record the frequency, radio make and model than to evacuate it. Also, in some cases, it may be easier to disable or destroy enemy equipment than to evacuate it due to size or the combat situation.
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