INTRODUCTION
GAIN ATTENTION
PURPOSE
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING STANDARDS
MISSION PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
M2A.15.8, M2A.15.9
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Without the aid of references and in accordance with MCWP 3-34, the student will understand and be able to discuss the organization of a patrol base and the various threats that the base may face.
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Know the patrol base site selection considerations.
2. Know the patrol base security measures.
3. Know the patrol base planning considerations.
4. Know the patrol base generic organization.
5. Know the various fortification methods.
6. Know the threat levels that the base may face.
7. Know the various forms of attacks the base may face.
8. Know the base immediate action drills.
METHOD AND MEDIA
This period of instruction will be taught by the lecture method and assisted by video and a Powerpoint presentation.
TESTING
This period of instruction will be evaluated through practical application during situational exercises.
TRANSITION
BODY
1. Patrol Base Site Selection Considerations:
a. Must be coordinated with host nation or other coalition forces operating in the urban area.
b. Should be adjacent to roads, trails, landing zones, waterways or other means to facilitate resupply and support.
c. Should be ISOLATED from any pedestrian and vehicular traffic. This is especially important for force protection in preventing the high speed delivery of bombs.
d. Should be large enough to allow for dispersion of work, equipment and storage sites.
e. Must be defensible relative to the enemy threat level.
f. Must not be located in an area where enemy activity is high enough to seriously threaten the base.
2. Patrol Base Security Measures:
a. Active Security Measures:
1) Roving patrols either mounted, dismounted or a combination of both.
2) Sentry posts located at key points, they must be mutually supporting.
3) Observation posts, they also must be mutually supporting.
4) Pedestrian search points, they must be covered by fire and observation and reinforced by obstacles.
5) Vehicle search points, also covered by fire and observation and reinforced by obstacles.
b. Passive Security Measures:
1) Obstacles (antipersonnel and vehicle) such as berms, ditches, hedgehogs, dragons teeth, tetrahedrons, concertina wire or vehicle cribs.
2) Night vision devices.
3) Trip flares.
4) Lights positioned to blind approaching vehicles or personnel.
3. Patrol Base Planning Considerations:
a. Number of Marines available.
b. Number and types of posts required.
c. Personnel rotation – shifts.
d. Crowd or mob control.
e. Internal and external reaction forces.
f. Rules of Engagement (ROE).
g. Communications plan.
h. Fire support plan.
4. Patrol Base Organization: The base will be organized in accordance with METT-T. Common to most operations, the base will have the following possible sites:
a. Fuel storage and refueling sites.
b. Ammunition dump.
c. General supply.
d. Vehicle parking area.
e. Maintenance facility (s).
f. Enemy prisoner of war (EPW) confinement area.
g. Medical.
h. Water and shower points.
i. Billeting.
j. Mess facility (s).
k. Internal landing zone (LZ).
l. Combat operations center (COC).
m. Communications sites.
5. Patrol Base Fortifications: These should be constructed after careful consideration of the enemy’s capabilities and tactics.
a. Sandbags, take into consideration the roof or floor load when selecting structures, use engineer support as available for propping, etc.
b. Window screens such as canvas or corrugated tin hung on the windows framing can deny enemy observation and sniping opportunities. Window glass should be taped (or removed) to avoid the effects of splintering glass.
c. Roof protection such as a canopy of chain link or corrugated tin will cause mortar rounds to detonate before they hit. Sandbags directly on the roof will absorb shrapnel. The roof should also be reinforced using props to distribute the weight.
d. RPG screens made out of chain link fencing or weld mesh and hung on a frame on the exterior of a structure will cause RPG rounds to detonate away from the walls. Again, sandbags should be placed next to the structure to absorb the shaped-charge effects.
e. Expedient fortifications such as heavy equipment or other vehicles may be used in some cases as a form of fortification.
6. Threat Levels:
a. Level I – Enemy actions which can be defeated by local defense.
b. Level II – Beyond the capabilities of the security force but can be defeated by an external reaction force.
c. Level III – The Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) will probably commit elements of the Ground Combat Element (GCE) in order to defeat the threat.
7. Base Attack Types:
a. Vehicle bomb either delivered by a terrorist/saboteur or by a proxy. Terrorists normally have well planned escape routes. A proxy is a person who was either blackmailed into delivering the bomb or did not know a bomb was placed into the vehicle. Also be alert to proxy delivered fake bombs. These are sometimes used to cause disruption to normal operations or to draw friendly forces into a secondary attack.
b. A mortar attack from a conventional mortar or from an improvised system fired from a ground position or from the back of a vehicle.
c. A sniper attack or assassination attempt.
d. A limited raid.
e. Hostage taking or kidnapping.
f. An improvised explosive device (IED) which comes in many forms and delivered by a host of methods.
8. Base Immediate Action Drills:
a. Proxy Bomb: As the vehicle nears the vehicle check point:
1) Direct the driver to a safe area away from the base.
2) Contact higher headquarters.
3) If driver refuses to move away, Standing Operating Procedures (SOP) actions are implemented at this point.
4) Once the vehicle is in a safe area and the area is cordoned and evacuated, bring the driver to a safe area and hold as a witness.
5) The sentry should raise the alarm if not already done by this point>
6) All external patrols are notified.
7) Appropriate law enforcement personnel are notified.
8) If the driver is tied to the vehicle (ropes, chains or handcuffs for example) the sentry should use bolt cutters to free him. Do not open doors as they may be booby-trapped. Use the vehicles window as an exit means.
b. IED: Once it has been reported that there is a bomb in the area:
1) Sound the alarm.
2) Confirm the device. If you see the vehicle – that is all the confirmation you need.
3) Clear, cordon off and control the area.
4) Move all personnel to safe area.
5) Contact law enforcement and bomb disposal agencies are notified as soon as the device was reported.
c. Mortar Attack:
1) Seek cover (should already be prepared for and rehearsed).
2) Raise the alarm.
3) Count the number of explosions.
4) Report to higher headquarters.
5) Stay in covered position until told to move or to aid wounded or injured personnel.
6) As soon as you believe the attack is over, check for casualties, perform crater analysis to determine direction from which attack came and deploy reaction force to locate the mortar position (s).
d. Sniper Attack:
1) Seek cover.
2) Raise the alarm.
3) Aid casualties.
4) Utilize base observation posts to determine direction to sniper.
5) Report to higher headquarters.
6) Deploy reaction force to suspected sniper position, use smoke to screen reaction force movement.
QUESTIONS
SUMMARY
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