INTRODUCTION
GAIN ATTENTION
PURPOSE
The purpose of this period of instruction is to provide the student with the basic knowledge of shooting at an incline.
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING STANDARDS
Ref: FMFM 1-3b, FMFM 0-11, II MEF SOTG URBAN SNIPER COURSE
8541.1.7
8541.1.1.18
MISSION PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Ref: FMFM 1-3b, FMFM 0-11, II MEF SOTG URBAN SNIPER COURSE
8541.1.1.18
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Without the aid of references, the student will be able to engage targets at an unknown distance.
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Know the methods of determining distance from an incline.
2. Determine the high impact of a round at a set angle.
3. Know the four tools used to assist the sniper in determining angles.
METHOD AND MEDIA
This period of instruction will be taught through lecture and the demonstration of shooting positions in the MOUT facility.
TESTING
This period of instruction will be tested during practical application exercises.
TRANSITION
BODY
1. Shooting at an Incline
In urban or mountainous terrain, snipers must be concerned with shooting at angles over areas that are not level. Whether shooting from an angle above or below the target, the sniper's round will impact above the point of aim. The distance is the same for both downward and upward inclines.
2. Methods for Determining Distance from an Incline
Acquiring the distance to a target from an incline requires the shooter to be aware of the target appearance based on angular distortion. For example, a target of the same height as you observe is on a flat plane would be shorter when milling at an angle. Other than actually milling a target, some additional tools used to assist the sniper in range estimation are:
a. Laser range finder.
b. Human Intelligence - counting the paces of pedestrians moving towards or away from the target, understanding the average pace in general.
c. Structural Measurements - sidewalk sections, cinder blocks, doorways, and the width of streets are a few examples. In urban areas, structural heights may be on record at fire stations.
3. Determining the High Impact of a Round at a Set Angle
How high the round will strike the target is based on the increased bullet path height chart (below) and the bullet group versus range for the load used found in the table (also below).
The first chart gives the elevation angle (degrees) and then the increase bullet path height (BPH):
5 - .010
10 - .020
15 - .035
20 - .061
25 - .094
30 - .134
35 - .181
40 - .234
45 - .293
50 - .358
55 - .427
60 - .500
65 - .578
70 - .658
75 - .742
80 - .827
85 - .913
90 - .000
The following chart gives the bullet drop versus range for a bullet weight of 173 gr., a muzzle velocity of 2677 FPS, ballistic coef. of .541, temperature of 59 degrees F., altitude of 0, and degree of incline at 0. The chart gives the range in yards and then the bullet drop in inches:
100 - 2.53
150 - 5.83
200 - 10.61
250 - 16.97
300 - 25.02
350 - 34.91
400 - 46.75
450 - 60.71
500 - 76.93
550 - 96.62
600 - 117.0
650 - 141.2
700 - 168.5
750 - 199.2
800 - 233.6
850 - 272.1
900 - 314.9
950 - 362.5
1000 - 415.3
An example is a target at 500 yards and an angle of 30 degrees gives a bullet drop from bore line of 76.93 inches. The BPH is .134 for 30 degrees. 76.93 x .134 = 10.31 inch high impact.
4. Determining Angles
There are four tools that are readily accessible to assist the sniper in determining angles:
a. Clinometer - an instrument specifically made to measure angles. The easiest to acquire and most common is the Ranger Silva with internal clinometer. Simply hold it close to your eye, line up the base of the instrument on the same path as the target and read the angle where the pivot arm rests.
b. M2 compass - found in all mortar platoons and artillery batteries, it is used to lay in gun lines. To measure an angle, look through the peep site to the target and manipulate the arm until the bubble is centered in the level, when the bubble is up, read the angle.
c. Half-moon protractor with pivot arm - place the flat end of the protractor up and flat plain. Next, use the pivot arm to match the angle of the rifle barrel to the target. Where the pivot arm crosses the protractor the angle can be read.
d. Standard map protractor - install a piece of string to the center of the protractor, this will act as your aiming aperture. Lay the protractor on a level plain with 0 degrees in the direction of the target. With the string, aim at the target. Where the string crosses the protractor is where you can read the angle.
QUESTIONS
SUMMARY
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