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  Fishes of northern Iran, Southern Caspian sea basin
by Tirdâd Gorgâni
Last update May 2004

About 130 fish species and varieties inhabit the Caspian Sea. Important groups are sturgeon, herring (kilka and shads), carp, perch, mullet and gobies. Some fish are very rare and included in the Red Data Book of Iran. Many species are found only in the Caspian.

The South Caspian region including Sepidrud and Atrak rivers are very important for Caspian fish. Many species breed and feed in the warm shallow water, rich in food.

Every effort is made to ensure accuracy, some mistakes may creep in.To avoid confusion, I hope, I also added the scientific names and the English names. Please e-mail information regarding  any inaccuracies to me: bandare_gaz at yahoo dot com


  

Caspian basin
Map from: The Inland Water Fishes
of Iran (A. Abdoli 1999)


                                                    
Photo Gallery
Acipenseridae   Anguillidae   Atherinidae     Clupeidae   Cobitidae   Cyprinidae     Esocidae     Gadidae     Gasterosteidae       Gobiidae   Mugilidae   Percidae   Petromyzontidae    Pleuronectidae   Poecilidae    Salmonidae   Siluridae     Syngnathidae   

 
Scientific Names English Names Persian Names Habitat
 
Order Petromyzontiformes
Râste : Dahangerd mâhi   mânandhâ
Family Petromyzontidae Lamprey Family Xânevâde :Dahangerd  mâhiyân             
Caspiomyzon wagneri Caspian lamperi Dahan gerd Caspian and its southern river.
 
Order Acipenseriformes
Râste:Tâsmâhi mânandhâ
Family Acipenseridae Sturgeon Family Xânevâde :Tâsmâhiyân
Acipenser nudiventris Fringebarbel sturgeon Tâsmâhie šekam brahne Caspian and Sepidrud river
Acipenser persicus Persian sturgeon Tâsmâhie irani Caspian and its rivers
Acipenser stellatus Starry sturgeon Puze drâz Caspian and Sepidrud river
Huso huso Beluga Pil(Fil) mâhi Caspian Sea, Gorgân bay and in the rivers of Atrak and  Sepidrud

 
Order Angulliformes
Râste:Mârmâhi mânandhâ
Family Anguillidae Eel family Xânevâde : Mârmâhiyan
Anguilla anguilla
Mârmâhi Caspian Sea

 
Order Clupeiformes
Râste: Šagmâhi mânandhâ
Family Clupeidae Herring Family  Xânevâde :Šagmâhiyân                     


Alosa brashnikovi (Borodin 1904 ) [3]

Caspian Sea
Alosa caspia Caspian shad
Caspian Sea
Alosa curensis Kura shad
Caspian Sea
Alosa kessleri Caspian anadromous shad
Noqre Tape (3)  marsh
Alosa pontica  Pontic shad
Caspian Sea during winter
Alosa saposhnikovi Saposhnikovi shad
Caspian Sea during winter
Clupeonella cultriventris (C. delicatula) Black Sea sprat kilkâye* râyej Caspian Sea
Clupeonella engrauliformis Anchovy sprat kilkâye ancoy Caspian Sea
Clupeonella grimmi Southern Caspian sprat kilkâye cešm dorošt Caspian Sea

 
Order Salmoniformes
Râste: Âzâdmâhi     mânandhâ
Family Salmonidae Salmon family Xânevâde :Âzâd mâhiyân                    
Coregonus lavaretus Common whitefish Mâhi âzâde (1) juybâri Karaj river and Latiyân        dam
Oncorhynchus keta Chum salmon  Mâhi âzâde ketâ Caspian Sea
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmo gairdneri) Rainbow trout Mâhi âzâde ranginkamân Caspian Sea and its rivers
Salmo trutta Caspian Trout Mâhi âzâde xâl sorx
Family Esocidae
 
Pike family Xânevâde:Ordak* mâhiyân


Esox lucius Pike Ordak mâhi, Cekâb*,    Šok* Caspian Sea and its rivers
                     
 
Order Cypriniformes
Râste:Kapurmâhi mânandhâ
Family Cyprinidae Carp family Xânevâde :Kapur   mâhiyân
Abramis brama Bream Sim Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Abramis sapa White-eye bream Sime kondpuze All of the Caspian sea's rivers 
Acanthalburnus microlepis Blackbrow bleak
Aras river
Alburnoides bipunctatus Chub Xayâte* Caspian sea's rivers and   Tajen and Morqâb rivers in the Qareh qorum*
Alburnus charusini (A. alburnus) Persian bleak, bleak
Rivers and lakes
Alburnus filippi Kura, Filippi's bleak
Sepidrud river
Alburnus orontis [3]

Estuaries to the Caspian Sea
Aspius aspius Asp Mâšmâhi Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Barbus brachycephalus Caspian barbel, Aral barbel
Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Barbus capito Bulatmai barbel Zardpare, Zardak, Sesmahi Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Barbus mursa Mursa Sesmâhi koloft*lab (mâhi    siâh) Sepidrud river
Barbus plebejus

Aras river and Casian Sea's rivers
Blicca bjoerkna White bream Sim namâ Estuaries to the Caspian Sea
Capoeta buhsei
Šamširi, Mâhi sebili Sepidrud river
Capoeta capoeta
Siah mâhi , Gel(Gol)* xor Aras river and Casian Sea's rivers & Tajen  river
Carassius auratus Goldfish Kapurce* (Karas*) Entire area
Chalcalburnus chalcoides Bleak, Caspian shemaya, Danube bleak Šâhkoli*, Aslak* Caspian Sea and it's rivers
Chondrostoma cyri Terek or Kura, Kura nase 
Aras river
Ctenopharyngodon idella Grass carp, white amur Alafxâr* (Amur*) Estuaries to Caspian Sea
Cyprinus carpio Carp Kapur Estuaries to Caspian Sea & Saraye Ghareh*  ghorom (Tajen  Morqáb)
Gobio gobio [4] Turkestan gudgeon Kapure kafzi Rivers and sweat waters
Gobio persus (G. persa) Persian gudgeon
Caspian Sea's rivers & Aras river
Hemigrammocapoeta nanus


Entire area
Leuciscus cephalus Caucasian or European chub Sepid (Sepide rudxánei) Estuaries to Caspian Sea 
Pelecus cultratus Ziege, Razorfish, Sabre carp, Sabre fish  Šamšir mâhi Sepidrud river
Rhodeus sericeus Bitterling Maxraj* lulei* Estuaries to Caspian Sea 
Rutilus frisii kutum Southern Caspian kutum Sepid Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Rutilus rutilus caspcius natio knipowitschi (Pravdin, 1927 )
Astrabad vobla Kolome Gorgân, Telâji* Caspian Sea's rivers & Aras river
Scardinius erythrophthalmus Rudd, redeye, redfin Sorx bâle Caspian Sea's shore
Schizothorax pelzami  [4], [3] Transcaspian marinka Širmâhi, Xâju* Sweat waters, Tajen river
Tinca tinca Tench, green tench Laimâhi, Tilkhos, Nazi Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Vimba vimba persa Caspian vimba, southern white eye Siâhkuli, Kuli Estuaries to the Caspian Sea 
Family Cobitidae Loaches Xânevâde: Roftegar* mâhiyân
Cobitis taenia Spined, stone loach, weather fish, Spine or spiny loach Roftegar*, Sagmâhi Caspian Sea, from Âstârâ      city to the Gorgân bay
Sabanejewia aurata


Golden spined loach


Sepidrud river & Atrak river
Sabanejewia caspia Caspian spined loach
Estuaries to the Caspian Sea
     
Family Balitoridae
River loaches
     
Xânevâde : Sagmâhiyâne juybâri

     
Nemacheilus malapterurus
Western crested loach

Caspian Sea basin

Nemacheilus merga (Krynicki, 1840) [3]
Krynicki's loach

South western shores of the Caspian Sea
Orthrias brandti (Nemacheilus brandti)
Kura loach

Uper and middle part of Aras river
Nemacheilus rhadineus
(Regan, 1906) [3]


Atrak and Sepidrud rivers & Tajen river
Nemacheilus angorae
Angora loach
Sagmâhi (Mârmâhi)
Estuaries to the Caspian Sea
Nemacheilus cristatus
(Berg, 1898) [4], [3]
Turkmenian crested loach
Mârmâhi
Western part of Tajen river area and  Harir rud river [3]
Upper part of rivers [4]
 
 
Order Siluriformes
Râste:Gorbemâhi mânandhâ
Family Siluridae Sheath  fishes                
 
Xânevâde:Gorbemâhiyân
Siluris glanis European or danoube cat fish, sheatfish Esbele In the rivers to the Caspian

 
Order Gadiformes
Râste: Carb mâhi   mânandhâ
Family Gadidae Cod Family  Xânevâde : Carbmâhiyân
Lota lota Burbot Mâhi carb Sepidrud river

 
Order Gasterosteiformes
Râste:Sexârmâhi     mânandhâ
Family Gasterosteidae Stickleback Family  Xânevâde :Sexâr mâhiyân
Pungitius aculeatus Three-spined stickleback Sexâre Noqre Tape   marsh
Pungitius platygaster Southern ninespine stickleback Nohxâr Caspian Sea and estuaries to the Caspian Sea. 
Family Syngnathidae
Xânevâde : Suzan(nei)mâhiyân
Syngnathus nigrolineatus (S. abaster)
Suzanmâhi, Neimâhie    daryâye Xazar Caspian Sea and its rivers.

 
Order Cyprinodontiformes
Râste: Kapurmâhi        mânandhâye dandânedâr           
Family Poecilidae
Xânevâde : Gâmbuziâ
mâhiyân

Gambusia affinis
Gâmbuziâ
Gambusia holbrooki Eastern mosquitofish Gâmbuziâ Noqre Tape marsh &Ala-, Aji- and  Almagol lakes
 
Order Mugiliformes
Râste: Kafâl mâhi     mânandhâ
Family Mugilidae Mullets Xânevâde : Kafâlmâhiyân
Mugil cephalus Flathead mullet Kafâl Caspian Sea
Liza aurata Golden grey mullet  Kafâle zarin Caspian Sea
Liza saliens Leaping mullet  Kafâle saliens Caspian Sea, Gomišân   marsh
Family Atherinidae Silversides Xânevâde : Gel(gol)âzin mâhiyân , Šišemâhiyân   
Atherina mochon, Cuvier 1829 (A.boyeri, Risso 1810) [2]
Gelâzin mâhi Southern coast of the Caspian Sea and fresh waters near Lankaran*
Atherina mochon pontica [2]
Gelâzin mâhie pontica Caspian Sea
 
Order Perciformes
Râste:Soufmâhi mânandhâ
Family Percidae Perch family Xânevâde : Soufmâhiân
Perca fluviatilis Perch Soufe rudxânei, Xârdâr Sepidrud river
Stizostedion lucioperca
(Luciperca luciperca)
Perchpike, Zander, Sudak Souf Sepidrud & Atrak rivers 
Stizostedion marinum Estuarine perch 
Caspian Sea
Family Gobiidae Gobies
 
Xânevâde : Gavmâhiân
Asra turcomanica (Iljinn,1941 ) [3]

Caspian Sea
Benthophilus baeri

Caspian Sea
Benthophilus ctenolepids [3]

Caspian Sea
Benthophilus granulosus

Caspian Sea
Benthophilus grimmi

Caspian Sea
Benthophilus leptocephalus

Caspian Sea
Benthophilus macrocephalus Caspian tadpole goby 
Caspian Sea
Benthophilus stellatus Stellate tadpole-goby  Gavmâhie bace qurbâqei Caspian Sea
Hyrcanogobius bergi

Caspian Sea
Knipowitschia longicaudata

Caspian Sea
Mesogobius nonultimus

Caspian Sea
Neogobius caspius Caspian goby
Caspian Sea
Neogobius fluviatilis Caspian sand goby, Monkey goby  Gavmâhi Caspian Sea
Neogobius gymnotrachelus Racer goby 
Caspian Sea
Neogobius kessleri Bighead goby  Gavmâhie sar gonde Caspian Sea
Neogobius melanostomus affinis Caspian round goby Gavmâhi Caspian Sea
Neogobius ratan Ratan goby 
Caspian Sea
Pomatoschistus caucasicus ( Berg, 1916 ) [3]

Caspian Sea
Proterohinus marmoratus, Pallas 1811, (P. s emipellucidus , Kessler 1877) Tubenose goby 
Caspian Sea and its rivers,  Siâh âb(2)  river and Gorgân  bay       
Proterohinus semipellucidus

Siâh âb (2) river and Gorgân bay
Order Pleuronectiformes
Râste:Pahnmâhi   mânandhâ
Family Pleuronectidae Flounders Xânevâde : Pahnmâhiyân
Pleuronectes flesus Flounder Pahn mâhi Caspian Sea



(1) Mâhi âzâd = Qezel ala*  
(2) Siâh âb = Qare su* 
(3)  Noqre Tape=Gomišán

Please note following, due to the prononciation of some of the Persian Fish Names:

the " Â " is pronounced like the "a" in Da rwin-long    a
the " C " is pronounced like the "ch" in "ch eese"    
the " J " is pronounced like the "J" in "J ames"  
the " Ž " is pronounced like the " J " in " J e" the french word for I
the " Q " is  pronounced like the " r " in "Mer ci" the french word for Thank you
the " X " is pronounced like the "ch" in the german city of  "Offenba ch" or Scotish loch
the "Š " is pronounced like the "sh" in "Wash ington"    
the "U " is pronounced like the "u" in ruse
the "Y " is pronounced like the "y" in y es
 
 

References & Tips:

[1] Bibliography on the Freshwater Fishes of Iran (Brian W. Code)         
[2] Freshwater Fish (B.Mostajeer, G.Vossoughi 2000) ISBN 964-03-3941-5     
[3] Freshwater Fishes of Iran (H. Mohammadian 1999) ISBN 946-6123-18-X
[4] The Inland Water Fishes of Iran (A. Abdoli 1999) ISBN 964-6902-01-4      
[5] Wetland and riverain ecosystems of Golestan province (A. Abdoli, R.Ghaemi, B. Kiabi 1999), Dep. of the Environment
[6] Fishes of Iran's Sweet Waters

Links:
Iranian Fisheries Research Organization
Water Catchment Area of the Caspian Sea
Gorgan Rud River
List of Freshwater Fishes for  Iran
Freshwater fishes of Iran  
Fish Species  in Caspian Sea  
Fishes os the Caspian Sea 


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