The Muiderslot
The Rijksmuseum Muiderslot is one of the best preserved, and most famous castle in the Netherlands.
As you probably would have guessed 'slot' is a dutch word for castle.
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The Muiderslot
The Rijksmuseum Muiderslot is one of the best preserved, and most famous castle in the Netherlands.
As you probably would have guessed 'slot' is a dutch word for castle.
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Het Muiderslot
Het Rijksmuseum Muiderslot is een van de best bewaard gebleven, en het bekendste kasteel in Nederland.
Zoals je waarschijnlijk al geraden hebt, slot is een hollands woord voor 'castle'.
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Progressive Form (progressieve vorm)
Dutch does not have an equivalent of the English Progressive Form. Constructions like 'We are talking', 'They were play- ing', etc. are usually translated with Dutch constructions in the Present Indefinite Tense: 'We praten', 'Ze speelden', etc. If it is essential to point out that a certain action is or was taking place at a specific time, the continuity of the action can be expressed in the following ways:
Diminutives (verkleinwoorden)
The use of the diminutive form is much more common in Dutch than it is in English. In principle its function is to indicate that an object is small. More abstractly, it can be used to express contempt, appreciation, admiration or love. The intended meaning can only be concluded from the context. The word 'huisje'(little house) can serve as an example of the various functions of the diminutive form:
To express contempt: Ik wil niet in zo'n huisje wonen.
To express appreciation : Ik ben erg blij met ons huisje!
The basic form of the diminutive suffix is "je". This is the form used if the
noun ends on -p, -k, -t, -d, -g, and -s, as in:
Stap(step) - stapje; boek - boekje; voet(foot) - voetje; hand(hand) - handje;
oog(eye) - oogje; mes(knife) - mesje, etc.
If a word ends on an -l, -n, or -r, "-tje" is added, as in:
Stoel(chair) - stoeltje; zoen(kiss) - zoentje; rivier(river) - riviertje.
In some cases the consonant must be doubled for the usual reason of
pronunciation, as in:
Bel(bell) - belletje; man - mannetje; ster(star) - sterretje.
Words ending in -m sometimes take -pje as in:
Bloem(flower) - bloempje; stroom(stream) - stroompje; rijm (rhyme) - rijmpje;
raam(window) - raampje.
Sometimes words ending in -m take -etje as in:
Bloem - bloemetje; som(sum) - sommetje; lam(lamb) - lammetje.
The -g in words ending in the unstressed suffix -ing becomes -k and then -je
is added as in:
Koning(king) - koninkje; ketting(chain) - kettinkje.
Example: Het hondje knauwde(chewed) op het beentje (bone) bij een boompje voor het woninkje (house) van het mannetje.
Nouns that have irregular plural forms, usually have irregular diminutive
forms as well.
The plural of 'schip'(ship) is 'schepen'; the diminutive is
'scheepje'. In a similar way the plural of 'gat'(hole) is 'gaten' and the
diminutive is 'gaatje'.
Also: blad(sheet or leave) - blaadje; glas(glass)
glaasje; pad (path) - paadje; vat(barrel) - vaatje.
Some words have irregular diminutive forms, such as: ring - ringetje; jongen
- jongetje, or may form the diminutive form in more than one way, (the second
form being more or less archaic) such as:
Pop - poppetje or popje; brug - bruggetje or brugje; weg - weggetje or wegje;
kip(chicken) - kippetje or kipje.
'Meisje' in the sense of 'girl' can be considered as having only a diminutive form; the noun 'meid'(maid) has become practically obsolete.
Reflexive Verbs (wederkerende werkwoorden)
Some verbs are always reflexive and some verbs may be reflexive.
Always reflexive: eg. zich schamen (to be ashamed)
Conjugation of "zich schamen": ik schaam me; jij schaamt je; hij schaamt
zich; zij schaamt zich; wij schamen ons; jullie schamen je/jullie; zij schamen
zich.
Other verbs in this category are:
zich vergissen - to err, make a mistake zich herinneren - to recall zich verbazen - to be surprised zich verheugen - to rejoice, to look forward to zich haasten - to hurry
Verbs that are often reflexive are:
zich scheren - to shave zich ergeren - to be irritated zich bezeren - to hurt(oneself)
Active and Passive Voice (bedrijvende en lijdende vorm)
(Present Tense)
The 'BY'-phrase
Sometimes it is important to mention the agent, the
performer of the action, the real subject of the sentence.
The Dutch equivalent of the English 'by', in this context, is 'door' (not
bij!)
Example:
The flowers are exported by the grower. (De bloemen worden door de
kweker geexporteerd.)
The book is written by a well-known author. (Het boek wordt door een bekende
schrijver geschreven.)
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