www.maxpages.com/geog

This essentially is an addition to an article about the Ryndam's January 2002 Antarctic Cruise.

Antarctica is the term that is used to include all of the Antarctic continent and its surrounding Southern Ocean up to the so-called Antarctic Convergence of cold polar waters and warmer subpolar oceanic waters.

The following include excerpts from the US Antarctic Program Summary Background, 2001-2002 Season:

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports 130 million cubic meters of water per second towards the east, making it the mightiest of the ocean currents. It influences formation of cold, dense and nutrient-rich bottom water that extends throughout much of the world's ocean and is a key to understanding change in world ocean circulation and its enormous influence on global climate.

Research is continuing in the attempt to determine if a group of whales encountered twenty years ago near McMurdo Station really constitutes a new species. These Antarctic whales tend to be smaller than other killer whales and display a different color pattern.


REFERENCES. Click on any of the selected items below for Antarctic-related information:

Antarctic Map.

Polar Climatic Change and Sea Level Changes.

Transantarctic Expeditions.

South Pole Astrophysics.

Killer Whale Research.

Antarctic Conservation Act.

Coordinated Polar Research Projects.

GPS Antarctic Measurements.

Lake Vostok Icecores.

Antarctic Lake Exploration.

Lake Under-Ice Research.

Southern Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics.

Long Term Ecological Research.

Teachers Experiencing Antarctica.

NSF Grant Awards.

Antarctic Meteorite Research.

Ice Sheet Instability.

Antarctic Weather Research.

Antarctic Climate Research.

Penguin Research.

Ozone Hole Research.

Sea Ice Growth and Decay.

Antarctic Marine Ecosystems.

US in Antarctica.

US Antarctic Program.

Ocean Resources Conservation.

WORLD PORT DIRECTORY.

Travel/Cruise Accounts by the Author.

Copyright 2002, All Rights Reserved.